AI in Planning: Opportunities and Challenges and How to Prepare – Conclusions and Recommendations from American Planning Association‘s “AI in Planning” Foresight Community https://www.planning.org/publications/document/9255930/
By Clinton Andrews, Keith Cooke, Alexsandra Gomez, Petra Hurtado, Thomas Sanchez, Sagar Shah, and Norman Wright
The new citation data are now available for Fall 2022. Citations are tracked for regular (tenure track) faculty in urban planning programs and departments in the U.S. and Canada. I am pleased to report that over 72% of the faculty being tracked (750 out of 1,037) now have Google Scholar Citation Profiles. See the ScholarMetrics page to look up individual faculty and/or planning program data.
Top 10 Faculty (Total Citations)
| Name | School | Citations | H-Index |
|---|---|---|---|
| Michael Storper | UCLA | 49,424 | 84 |
| Lawrence Frank | UC San Diego | 44,534 | 92 |
| AnnaLee Saxenian | UC Berkeley | 35,433 | 51 |
| Reid Ewing | University of Utah | 34,835 | 69 |
| Stewart Fotheringham | Arizona State University | 34,389 | 72 |
| Martha Feldman | UC Irvine | 29,859 | 48 |
| Carlo Ratti | MIT | 28,036 | 85 |
| Nik Theodore | University of Illinois, Chicago | 26,993 | 52 |
| Robert Bullard | Texas Southern University | 22,528 | 56 |
| Julian Agyeman | Tufts University | 20,743 | 45 |
Top 10 Urban Planning Programs (Median Citations)
| School | Faculty | Median | Mean |
|---|---|---|---|
| The New School | 6 | 3,235 | 4,578 |
| UC Berkeley | 17 | 3,038 | 8,295 |
| Arizona State University | 16 | 2,836 | 5,093 |
| USC | 15 | 2,636 | 4,153 |
| UCLA | 28 | 2,375 | 5,202 |
| New York University | 10 | 2,359 | 2,415 |
| UNC | 14 | 2,331 | 4,781 |
| University of Toronto | 11 | 2,273 | 1,861 |
| UC San Diego | 5 | 2,161 | 9,846 |
| MIT | 32 | 2,053 | 3,978 |
Over the past year, we have been working along with the American Planning Association (APA) on the topic(s) of AI for urban planning. Here are a few items that are related to that work – with more on the way. APA (Petra Hurtado and her team) is also been doing some great work on smart cities. See the APA Knowledge Center for several publications: https://www.planning.org/knowledgecenter/
Sanchez, T.W. (2022). AI in Planning: Why Now Is the Time, Planning Magazine, American Planning Association, Chicago, IL. https://planning.org/planning/2022/winter/ai-in-planning-why-now-is-the-time/
Shumway, H. and T. Gordner (2022). Demystifying Artificial Intelligence in Planning. American Planning Association Knowledge Center Blog. https://planning.org/blog/9230706/demystifying-artificial-intelligence-in-planning/
Hurtado, P., Madi, N., and Sanchez, T.W. (2022). Artificial Intelligence and Urban Planning: What Planners Need to Know Now. American Planning Association Knowledge Center Podcast Series. https://planning.org/podcast/artificial-intelligence-and-urban-planning-what-planners-need-to-know-now/
Sanchez, T.W., T. Gordner, and H. Shumway. (2021). The Prospects for AI in Urban Planning. Paper presented at the Association for Collegiate Schools of Planning Annual Conference, Virtual, October.
Sanchez, T.W. and T. Gordner. (2021). The Potential for AI in Urban Planning: An Approach, presentation at the International Journal of Urban Sciences Symposium, Washington, D.C., October.
Sanchez, T.W., T. Lim, and P. Hurtado. (2022). Artificial Intelligence and Urban Planning: Opportunities and Concerns, Panel presented at the American Planning Association National Conference, San Diego, CA, May.
This work was supported through grants from the National Science Foundation’s Smart and Connected Communities Program (Award #2125259) and the Virginia Tech, Institute for Society, Culture and Environment (ISCE) Scholars Program.
Please let me know if you have suggestions for publications to add (tom.sanchez[at]vt.edu).
| Bibliography |
|---|
| Abarca-Alvarez, Francisco Javier, Francisco Sergio Campos-Sanchez, and Rafael Reinoso-Bellido. 2018. “Demographic and Dwelling Models by Artificial Intelligence: Urban Renewal Opportunities in Spanish Coast.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 13 (7): 941–53. https://doi.org/10/gnm5fn. |
| Abdel-Moneim, Nancy M, and Ahmed I El Seddawy. 2021. “Towards a Better Urban Design in Respect to Environmental Behavior Using Knowledge Discovery.” Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56 (3). https://doi.org/10/gnbkrj. |
| Abduljabbar, Rusul, Hussein Dia, Sohani Liyanage, and Saeed Asadi Bagloee. 2019. “Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Transport: An Overview.” Sustainability 11 (1): 189. https://doi.org/10/gf4234. |
| Ahmed, Sabbir, Md. Farhad Hossain, M. Shamim Kaiser, Manan Binth Taj Noor, Mufti Mahmud, and Chinmay Chakraborty. 2021. “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Ensuring Security in Smart Cities.” In Data-Driven Mining, Learning and Analytics for Secured Smart Cities: Trends and Advances, edited by Chinmay Chakraborty, Jerry Chun-Wei Lin, and Mamoun Alazab, 23–47. Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72139-8_2. |
| Aithal, Bharath H, and TV Ramachandra. 2016. “Visualization of Urban Growth Pattern in Chennai Using Geoinformatics and Spatial Metrics.” Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 44 (4): 617–33. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrc. |
| Alavi, Hamed S, Elizabeth F Churchill, Mikael Wiberg, Denis Lalanne, Peter Dalsgaard, Ava Fatah gen Schieck, and Yvonne Rogers. 2019. “Introduction to Human-Building Interaction (HBI) Interfacing HCI with Architecture and Urban Design.” https://doi.org/10/gfzv29. |
| Alexander, Ernest R. 2014. “‘Planning’ or e-Planning?: Implications for Theory, Education and Practice.” International Journal of E-Planning Research (IJEPR) 3 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.2014010101. |
| Ali, Usman, and Tariq Mahmood. 2018. “Using Deep Learning to Predict Short Term Traffic Flow: A Systematic Literature Review.” In Intelligent Transport Systems – From Research and Development to the Market Uptake, edited by Tatiana Kováčiková, Ľuboš Buzna, Ghadir Pourhashem, Giuseppe Lugano, Yannick Cornet, and Nathalie Lugano, 90–101. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10/gpwbc5. |
| Allaert, G, R De Sutter, W Kellens, and W Vanneuville. 2009. “Intelligent Decision Support System Based Geo-Infonnation Technology and Spatial Planning for Sustainable Water Management in Flanders, Belgium.” |
| Allam, Sudhir. 2018. “The Future of Urban Models in the Big Data and AI Era: A Bibliometric Analysis.” Sudhir Allam," THE FUTURE OF URBAN MODELS IN THE BIG DATA AND AI ERA: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS", International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), ISSN, 2320–2882. |
| Allam, Zaheer. 2020. “Urban Chaos and the AI Messiah.” In Cities and the Digital Revolution, 31–60. Springer. |
| Allam, Zaheer. 2021a. “Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and the Rise of Autonomous Smart Cities.” In The Rise of Autonomous Smart Cities: Technology, Economic Performance and Climate Resilience, edited by Zaheer Allam, 7–30. Sustainable Urban Futures. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59448-0_2. |
| Allam, Zaheer. 2021b. “Introducing the Concept of Autonomous City.” In The Rise of Autonomous Smart Cities: Technology, Economic Performance and Climate Resilience, edited by Zaheer Allam, 1–6. Sustainable Urban Futures. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59448-0_1. |
| Allam, Zaheer. 2021c. “On Complexity, Connectivity, and Autonomy in Future Cities.” In The Rise of Autonomous Smart Cities: Technology, Economic Performance and Climate Resilience, edited by Zaheer Allam, 31–47. Sustainable Urban Futures. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59448-0_3. |
| Allam, Zaheer, and Zaynah A. Dhunny. 2019. “On Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and Smart Cities.” Cities 89: 80–91. https://doi.org/10/gf42z5. |
| Allam, Zaheer, and Peter Newman. 2018. “Redefining the Smart City: Culture, Metabolism, and Governance.” Smart Cities 1 (1): 4–25. https://doi.org/10/gf42z6. |
| Almahmood, Mohammed, and Hans Skov-Petersen. 2020. “Public Space Public Life 2.0: Agent-Based Pedestrian Simulation as a Dynamic Visualisation of Social Life in Urban Spaces.” Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture, 305–17. |
| Al-Ramini, Ali, Mohammad A Takallou, Daniel P Piatkowski, and Fadi Alsaleem. 2022. “Quantifying Changes in Bicycle Volumes Using Crowdsourced Data.” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 23998083211066104. https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083211066103. |
| Ameer, Saba, and Munam Ali Shah. 2018. “Exploiting Big Data Analytics for Smart Urban Planning.” In , 1–5. IEEE. |
| Amershi, Saleema, Dan Weld, Mihaela Vorvoreanu, Adam Fourney, Besmira Nushi, Penny Collisson, Jina Suh, et al. 2019. “Guidelines for Human-AI Interaction.” In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–13. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300233. |
| Angelidou, Margarita, Artemis Psaltoglou, Nicos Komninos, Christina Kakderi, Panagiotis Tsarchopoulos, and Anastasia Panori. 2018. “Enhancing Sustainable Urban Development through Smart City Applications.” Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management 9 (2): 146–69. https://doi.org/10/gg3gbg. |
| Anttiroiko, Ari-Veikko. 2015. “Smart Planning: The Potential of Web 2.0 for Enhancing Collective Intelligence in Urban Planning.” In Emerging Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities in Urban E-Planning, 1–32. IGI Global. |
| Anttiroiko, Ari-Veikko, and Roger W Caves. 2016. “Urban Planning 3.0: Impact of Recent Developments of the Web on Urban Planning.” In IT in the Public Sphere: Applications in Administration, Government, Politics, and Planning, 233–57. IGI Global. |
| Aqib, Muhammad, Rashid Mehmood, Ahmed Alzahrani, and Iyad Katib. 2020. “A Smart Disaster Management System for Future Cities Using Deep Learning, Gpus, and in-Memory Computing.” In Smart Infrastructure and Applications: Foundations for Smarter Cities and Societies, edited by Rashid Mehmood, Simon See, Iyad Katib, and Imrich Chlamtac, 159–84. EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13705-2_7. |
| Arribas-Bel, Daniel, M. -À. Garcia-López, and Elisabet Viladecans-Marsal. 2021. “Building(s and) Cities: Delineating Urban Areas with a Machine Learning Algorithm.” Journal of Urban Economics, Delineation of Urban Areas, 125: 103217. https://doi.org/10/gh7sm2. |
| Aschwanden, Gideon DPA, Simon Haegler, Frédéric Bosché, Luc Van Gool, and Gerhard Schmitt. 2011. “Empiric Design Evaluation in Urban Planning.” Automation in Construction 20 (3): 299–310. https://doi.org/10/c7r6tw. |
| Athey, Susan. 2017. “Beyond Prediction: Using Big Data for Policy Problems.” Science 355 (6324): 483–85. https://doi.org/10/gf36r2. |
| Athey, Susan. 2019. “The Impact of Machine Learning on Economics.” In 21. The Impact of Machine Learning on Economics, 507–52. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226613475-023. |
| Ayaz, Nurettin, and Bayram Akay. 2020. “Smart Municipalities in Tourism.” In Advances in Hospitality, Tourism, and the Services Industry, edited by Evrim Çeltek, 391–413. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1989-9.ch018. |
| Baaj, M Hadi, and Hani S Mahmassani. 1992. “Artificial Intelligence-Based System Representation and Search Procedures for Transit Route Network Design.” Transportation Research Record, no. 1358. |
| Babu, Awari Mahesh, T Sunil Kumar, and Sarangam Kodati. 2021. “Construction Method of Urban Planning Development Using Artificial Intelligence Technology.” Design Engineering, 782–92. |
| Balling, Richard J., John T. Taber, Michael R. Brown, and Kirsten Day. 1999. “Multiobjective Urban Planning Using Genetic Algorithm.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development 125 (2): 86–99. https://doi.org/10/bnm55h. |
| Ballouch, Zouhair, Rafika Hajji, and Mohamed Ettarid. 2022. “Toward a Deep Learning Approach for Automatic Semantic Segmentation of 3d Lidar Point Clouds in Urban Areas.” In Geospatial Intelligence: Applications and Future Trends, edited by Fatimazahra Barramou, El Hassan El Brirchi, Khalifa Mansouri, and Youness Dehbi, 67–77. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80458-9_6. |
| Balmaceda, Beatriz, and Miguel Fuentes. 2016. “Cities and Methods from Complexity Science.” Journal of Systems Science and Complexity 29 (5): 1177–86. https://doi.org/10/gg6mrq. |
| Banerjee, Sourav, Chinmay Chakraborty, and Debashis Das. 2020. “An Approach towards GIS Application in Smart City Urban Planning.” In Internet of Things and Secure Smart Environments, 71–110. Chapman and Hall/CRC. |
| Bao, Wang, Ning Lianju, and Kong Yue. 2019. “Integration of Unsupervised and Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms for Credit Risk Assessment.” Expert Systems with Applications 128 (August): 301–15. https://doi.org/10/gmbww3. |
| Baoxing, Qiu. 2018. “Resilient Urban Design Methods and Principles Based on the Complex Adaptive System Theory.” Landscape Architecture Frontiers 6 (4): 42–47. https://doi.org/10/gnm5dp. |
| Baran, Grzegorz. 2020. “The Opportunities and Threats Resulting from Robotic Process Automation in Public Service Development.” Zarządzanie Publiczne, no. 52: 17–27. |
| Baráth, Etele, and Iván Futó. 1984. “A Regional Planning System Based on Artificial Intelligence Concepts.” In , 55:135–54. Springer. |
| Barbanente, A, D Borri, Floriana Esposito, Pietro Leo, G Maciocco, and F Selicato. 1992. “Automatically Acquiring Knowledge by Digital Maps in Artificial Intelligence Planning Techniques.” In Theories and Methods of Spatio-Temporal Reasoning in Geographic Space, 379–401. Springer. |
| Barbanente, Angela, Dino Borri, and Valeria Monno. 1997. “Problems of Urban Land-Use and Transportation Planning: Cognition and Evaluation Models.” In Evaluating Theory-Practice and Urban-Rural Interplay in Planning, 123–39. Springer. |
| Barbosa Jardim, Amanda, Maximilian Müh, Andrea Kondziela, and Axel Häusler. 2021. “Synthetic and Tangible Agents for an Activity-Based Urban Planning Tool.” In , 805–15. CORP–Competence Center of Urban and Regional Planning. |
| Barbosa, Luciano, Kien Pham, Claudio Silva, Marcos R. Vieira, and Juliana Freire. 2014. “Structured Open Urban Data: Understanding the Landscape.” Big Data 2 (3): 144–54. https://doi.org/10/gg2qjc. |
| Barns, Sarah. 2018. “Smart Cities and Urban Data Platforms: Designing Interfaces for Smart Governance.” City, Culture and Society, Innovation and identity in next generation smart cities, 12: 5–12. https://doi.org/10/gf65bz. |
| Barredo, José I, Carlo Lavalle, and Marjo Kasanko. 2005. “Urban Scenario Modeling and Forecast for Sustainable Urban and Regional Planning.” In GIS for Sustainable Development, 349–66. CRC Press. |
| Barth, Thomas J, and Eddy Arnold. 1999. “Artificial Intelligence and Administrative Discretion: Implications for Public Administration.” The American Review of Public Administration 29 (4): 332–51. https://doi.org/10/d4jn2p. |
| Batey, P. W. J., and M. J. Breheny. 1978. “Methods in Strategic Planning: Part I: A Descriptive Review.” The Town Planning Review 49 (3): 259–73. https://doi.org/10/gjnfcv. |
| Batrouni, Marwan, Aurélie Bertaux, and Christophe Nicolle. 2018. “Scenario Analysis, from BigData to Black Swan.” Computer Science Review 28: 131–39. https://doi.org/10/c9nr. |
| Batty, M. 1998. “Evaluation in the Digital Age.” In Evaluation in Planning: Facing the Challenge of Complexity, 47:251–72. Springer Science & Business Media. |
| Batty, M. 2007. “Planning Support Systems: Progress, Predictions, and Speculations on the Shape of Things to Come,” 26. |
| Batty, Michael. 1995. “Planning Support Systems and the New Logic of Computation.” Regional Development Dialogue 16 (1): 1–17. |
| Batty, Michael. 2018a. “Artificial Intelligence and Smart Cities.” https://doi.org/10/gc4n5g. |
| Batty, Michael. 2018b. “Science in Planning: Theory, Methods, and Models.” In Planning Knowledge and Research. Routledge. |
| Batty, Michael. 2021. “Planning Education in the Digital Age.” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 48 (2): 207–11. https://doi.org/10/gh5s8h. |
| Batty, Michael, and Stephen Marshall. 2012. “The Origins of Complexity Theory in Cities and Planning.” In Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age: An Overview with Implications to Urban Planning and Design, edited by Juval Portugali, Han Meyer, Egbert Stolk, and Ekim Tan, 21–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24544-2_3. |
| Batty, Michael, and Tony Yeh. 1991. “The Promise of Expert Systems for Urban Planning.” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 15 (3): 101–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-9715(91)90001-T. |
| Baumewerd-Ahlmann, Annegret, and Jürgen Kalinski. 1990. “Structuring Techniques for Knowledge-Based Planning Systems in Environmental Impact Assessment.” In , 257–61. IET. |
| Bazan-Krzywoszańska, Anna, Robert Lach, and Maria Mrówczyńska. 2020. “City as a System Supported by Artificial Intelligence.” Urban and Regional Planning. Special Issue: Management of the City-A Multi-Branch Task 5 (2): 32–39. |
| Behnisch, Martin, and Alfred Ultsch. 2009. “Urban Data-Mining: Spatiotemporal Exploration of Multidimensional Data.” Building Research & Information 37 (5–6): 520–32. https://doi.org/10/dh5g7d. |
| Behzadi, Saeed, and Ali A Alesheikh. 2013. “Introducing a Novel Model of Belief–Desire–Intention Agent for Urban Land Use Planning.” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 26 (9): 2028–44. https://doi.org/10/f5cf33. |
| Belhadi, Asma, Youcef Djenouri, Gautam Srivastava, and Jerry Chun-Wei Lin. 2021. “SS-ITS: Secure Scalable Intelligent Transportation Systems.” The Journal of Supercomputing, 1–17. |
| Belkaid, Alia, and Ines Hassoumi Abdelkader Ben Saci. 2021. “Human-Computer Interaction for Urban Rules Optimization.” |
| Ben-David, Arie, and Eibe Frank. 2009. “Accuracy of Machine Learning Models versus ‘Hand Crafted’ Expert Systems – A Credit Scoring Case Study.” Expert Systems with Applications 36 (3, Part 1): 5264–71. https://doi.org/10/bwbxfq. |
| Bennett, Amy. 2021. “Autonomous Vehicle Driving Algorithms and Smart Mobility Technologies in Big Data-Driven Transportation Planning and Engineering.” Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice 13 (1): 20–29. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrh. |
| Berta, Mauro, Luca Caneparo, Alfonso Montuori, and Davide Rolfo. 2016. “Semantic Urban Modelling: Knowledge Representation of Urban Space.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 43 (4): 610–39. https://doi.org/10/f8vvxj. |
| Bibri, Simon Elias. 2021. “The Core Academic and Scientific Disciplines Underlying Data-Driven Smart Sustainable Urbanism: An Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Framework.” Computational Urban Science 1 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10/gjn4jv. |
| Bickley, Steve J., Ho Fai Chan, and Benno Torgler. 2022. “Artificial Intelligence in the Field of Economics.” Scientometrics 127 (4): 2055–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-022-04294-w. |
| Bienvenido-Huertas, David, Fátima Farinha, Miguel José Oliveira, Elisa M. J. Silva, and Rui Lança. 2020. “Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Algorithms to Estimate Sustainability Indicators.” Sustainable Cities and Society 63: 102430. https://doi.org/10/gmdgv3. |
| Biswas, Subhodip, Fanglan Chen, Andreea Sistrunk, Sathappan Muthiah, Zhiqian Chen, Nathan Self, Chang-Tien Lu, and Naren Ramakrishnan. 2020. “Geospatial Clustering for Balanced and Proximal Schools.” Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34 (09): 13358–65. https://doi.org/10/gpwbfz. |
| Bittermann, Michael S., I. Sevil Sariyildiz, and Özer Ciftcioglu. 2012. “A Computational Intelligence Approach to Alleviate Complexity Issues in Design.” In Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age: An Overview with Implications to Urban Planning and Design, edited by Juval Portugali, Han Meyer, Egbert Stolk, and Ekim Tan, 347–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24544-2_19. |
| Blecic, Ivan, Arnaldo Cecchini, and Giuseppe A. Trunfio. 2009. “A Multi-Agent Geosimulation Infrastructure for Planning.” In Geocomputation and Urban Planning, edited by Beniamino Murgante, Giuseppe Borruso, and Alessandra Lapucci, 237–53. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89930-3_14. |
| Boeing, Geoff, Michael Batty, Shan Jiang, and Lisa Schweitzer. 2021. “Urban Analytics: History, Trajectory, and Critique,” 20. |
| Bolívar, Manuel Pedro Rodríguez, and Albert J. Meijer. 2016. “Smart Governance: Using a Literature Review and Empirical Analysis to Build a Research Model.” Social Science Computer Review 34 (6): 673–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439315611088. |
| Borri, Dino, and Domenico Camarda. 2006. “Visualizing Space-Based Interactions among Distributed Agents: Environmental Planning at the Inner-City Scale.” In , 182–91. Springer. |
| Borri, Dino. 2009. “The Cooperative Conceptualization of Urban Spaces in AI-Assisted Environmental Planning.” In , 197–207. Springer. |
| Borri, Dino. 2013. “Modelling Space Perception in Urban Planning: A Cognitive Ai-Based Approach.” In Contemporary Challenges and Solutions in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 3–9. Springer. |
| Borri, Dino, Domenico Camarda, and Anna De Liddo. 2008. “Multi-Agent Environmental Planning: A Forum-Based Case Study in Italy.” Planning, Practice & Research 23 (2): 211–28. https://doi.org/10/bxs4c5. |
| Borri, Dino, Domenico Camarda, and Irene Pluchinotta. 2014. “Planning for the Microclimate of Urban Spaces: Notes from a Multi-Agent Approach.” In , 179–82. Springer. |
| Boschetti, Fabio. 2016. “Models and People: An Alternative View of the Emergent Properties of Computational Models.” Complexity 21 (6): 202–13. https://doi.org/10/gpwbf8. |
| Boukerche, Azzedine, Yanjie Tao, and Peng Sun. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence-Based Vehicular Traffic Flow Prediction Methods for Supporting Intelligent Transportation Systems.” Computer Networks 182: 107484. https://doi.org/10/gncqpw. |
| Boulange, Claire, Chris Pettit, Lucy Dubrelle Gunn, Billie Giles-Corti, and Hannah Badland. 2018. “Improving Planning Analysis and Decision Making: The Development and Application of a Walkability Planning Support System.” Journal of Transport Geography 69: 129–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2018.04.017. |
| Bradley, John, Jill Hefele, and Ronald M Dolin. 1994. “Transportation Planning: A Virtual Reality.” Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). |
| Brauneis, Robert, and Ellen P. Goodman. 2018. “Algorithmic Transparency for the Smart City.” Yale Journal of Law and Technology 20: 103. |
| Brintha, V. P., R. Rekha, J. Nandhini, N. Sreekaarthick, B. Ishwaryaa, and R. Rahul. 2020. “Automatic Classification of Solid Waste Using Deep Learning.” In Proceedings of International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Smart Grid and Smart City Applications, edited by L. Ashok Kumar, L. S. Jayashree, and R. Manimegalai, 881–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10/gpwbc6. |
| Brömmelstroet, Marco te. 2017. “Towards a Pragmatic Research Agenda for the PSS Domain.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 104: 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.05.011. |
| Buchanan, Bruce. 1989. “Can Machine Learning Offer Anything to Expert Systems?,” 4. |
| Burry, Mark. 2022. “A New Agenda for AI-Based Urban Design and Planning.” In Artificial Intelligence in Urban Planning and Design, edited by Imdat As, Prithwish Basu, and Pratap Talwar, 3–20. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823941-4.00005-6. |
| Cai, Carrie J., Samantha Winter, David Steiner, Lauren Wilcox, and Michael Terry. 2019. “‘Hello AI’: Uncovering the Onboarding Needs of Medical Practitioners for Human-Ai Collaborative Decision-Making.” Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 3 (CSCW): 104:1-104:24. https://doi.org/10/gh7kqn. |
| Calixto, Victor, Robson Canuto, Marcela Noronha, Aida Afrooz, Ning Gu, and Gabriela Celani. 2021. “A Layered Approach for the Data-Driven Design of Smart Cities.” |
| Campo, Matias Del, Sandra Manninger, and Alexandra Carlson. 2020. “Hallucinating Cities: A Posthuman Design Method Based on Neural Networks.” In , 1–8. |
| Caneparo, Luca, Davide Rolfo, Federica Bonavero, Hanne Van Reusel, Johan Verbeke, Andrew Hudson-Smith, and Nikos Karadimitriou. 2017. “Semantic Analysis of Public Spaces in Brussels, London and Turin Living Labs: A Taxonomy of Interventions.” In , 101–12. Faculty of Architecture, KU Leuven, Campus Sint-Lucas Brussels; Brussels. |
| Cantergiani, Carolina, and Montserrat Gómez Delgado. 2018. “Urban Land Allocation Model of Territorial Expansion by Urban Planners and Housing Developers.” Environments 5 (1): 5. https://doi.org/10/gnbkq9. |
| Cao, Cong, Suzana Dragićević, and Songnian Li. 2019. “Short-Term Forecasting of Land Use Change Using Recurrent Neural Network Models.” Sustainability 11 (19): 5376. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195376. |
| Carvalho, Alexandra. 2010. “Decision Support Systems for Urban and Regional Planning.” In Environmental Systems-Volume III, 207. EOLSS Publications. |
| Celani, Gabriela, and Rafael Urano de Carvalho Frajndlich. 2016. “From Prototypical to Prototyping: Mass-Customization versus 20th Century Utopias in Architecture and Urban Design.” PARC Pesquisa Em Arquitetura e Construção 7 (3): 160–69. https://doi.org/10/gnm5dj. |
| Ceylan, Salih. 2021. “Artificial Intelligence in Architecture: An Educational Perspective.” In , 100–107. |
| Charlton, James, Bob Giddings, and Margaret Horne. 2008. “A Survey of Computer Software for the Urban Design Process.” |
| Chaturvedi, Vineet, and Walter T de Vries. 2021. “Machine Learning Algorithms for Urban Land Use Planning: A Review.” Urban Science 5 (3): 68. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrn. |
| Chatzimparmpas, Angelos, Rafael M. Martins, Ilir Jusufi, and Andreas Kerren. 2020. “A Survey of Surveys on the Use of Visualization for Interpreting Machine Learning Models.” Information Visualization 19 (3): 207–33. https://doi.org/10/gjbrmg. |
| Chayaamor-Heil, Natasha. 2018. “The Impact of Nature Inspired Algorithms on Biomimetic Approach in Architectural and Urban Design.” In , 97–109. Springer. |
| Chen, Guangzhou, and Jiaquan Wang. 2012. “Design and Application of Computing Platform of Two Swarm Intelligence Optimization Algorithms for the Environmental Planning and Management Course Based on MATLAB GUI.” In , 109–15. Springer. |
| Chen, Jiao, and Xiaoqing Xiang. 2018. “Global Urban Design Research from 2007 to 2017: A Systematic Research Review.” Journal of Landscape Research 10 (2): 45–48. |
| Chen, Jie, Shoujun Huang, S BalaMurugan, and GS Tamizharasi. 2021. “Artificial Intelligence Based E-Waste Management for Environmental Planning.” Environmental Impact Assessment Review 87: 106498. https://doi.org/10/ghqv8p. |
| Chen, Serena H, Anthony J Jakeman, and John P Norton. 2008. “Artificial Intelligence Techniques: An Introduction to Their Use for Modelling Environmental Systems.” Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 78 (2–3): 379–400. https://doi.org/10/dj4d9j. |
| Chen, Wei, Fangzhou Guo, and Fei-Yue Wang. 2015. “A Survey of Traffic Data Visualization.” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 16 (6): 2970–84. https://doi.org/10/f72r2h. |
| Cheng, Jeffrey Y, Chun Xiang, and Yichao Ma. 2020. “AI Application on LID Stormwater Management and Urban Planning in Guam, USA, and Southern China, PRC.” In , 188–200. American Society of Civil Engineers Reston, VA. |
| Chirkin, Artem, and Reinhard König. 2016. “Concept of Interactive Machine Learning in Urban Design Problems: Proceedings.” https://doi.org/10/gnm5fm. |
| Cho, K.-J. Kim and S.-B. 2006. “A Comprehensive Overview of the Applications of Artificial Life.” https://click.endnote.com/viewer?doi=10.1162%2F106454606775186455&token=WzEwNjM0NzIsIjEwLjExNjIvMTA2NDU0NjA2Nzc1MTg2NDU1Il0.gg2UBYtUgw5PTLEnw7M4-OkzMTU. |
| Choi, Keechoo. 1993. “The Implementation of an Integrated Transportation Planning Model with GIS and Expert Systems for Interactive Transportation Planning.” |
| Christmann, Gabriela B, Ajit Singh, Jörg Stollmann, and Christoph Bernhardt. 2020. “Visual Communication in Urban Design and Planning: The Impact of Mediatisation (s) on the Construction of Urban Futures.” Urban Planning 5 (2): 1–9. https://doi.org/10/gnm5dr. |
| Chui, Kwok Tai, Miltiadis D. Lytras, and Anna Visvizi. 2018. “Energy Sustainability in Smart Cities: Artificial Intelligence, Smart Monitoring, and Optimization of Energy Consumption.” Energies 11 (11): 2869. https://doi.org/10/gmdgvx. |
| Clark, Ann. 2020. “Big Data-Driven Transportation Planning and Engineering: Smart Urbanism, Autonomous Vehicle Algorithms, and Network Connectivity Systems.” Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice 12 (2): 70–78. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrp. |
| Clarke, Martin. 2013. “Geographical Information Systems and Models Based Analysis: Towards Effective Decision Support Systems.” In Geographical Information Systems for Urban and Regional Planning, 17:165–75. Springer Science & Business Media. |
| Cohen, Maxime C., Michael-David Fiszer, Avia Ratzon, and Roy Sasson. 2021. “Incentivizing Commuters to Carpool: A Large Field Experiment with Waze.” Manufacturing & Service Operations Management. https://doi.org/10/gnrsq6. |
| Coiner, Jerry C. 1988. “Information Systems Applications in Regional Planning (Trends, Issues, and Problems in Developing Countries).” |
| Combes, Pierre-Philippe, Laurent Gobillon, and Yanos Zylberberg. 2021. “Urban Economics in a Historical Perspective: Recovering Data with Machine Learning.” Regional Science and Urban Economics, 103711. https://doi.org/10/gpwbdh. |
| Conway, Jennifer, and B A Architecture. 2010. “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Current Applications in Real Estate,” 117. |
| Cook, Diane J., Juan C. Augusto, and Vikramaditya R. Jakkula. 2009. “Ambient Intelligence: Technologies, Applications, and Opportunities.” Pervasive and Mobile Computing 5 (4): 277–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2009.04.001. |
| Coppola, Carlo, and Alessandro Ceso. 2000. “Computer Aided Design and Artificial Intelligence in Urban and Architectural Design.” |
| Cortès, Ulises, Miquel Sànchez-Marrè, Luigi Ceccaroni, Ignasi R-Roda, and Manel Poch. 2000. “Artificial Intelligence and Environmental Decision Support Systems.” Applied Intelligence 13 (1): 77–91. |
| Coughlin, Joseph F, and Samantha Brady. 2019. “Planning, Designing, and Engineering Tomorrow’s User-Centered, Age-Ready Transportation System.” The Bridge 49 (1). |
| Crawford, Kate. 2021a. “Classification.” In The Atlas of AI, 123–49. Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ghv45t.7. |
| Crawford, Kate. 2021b. “Conclusion.: Power.” In The Atlas of AI, 211–27. Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ghv45t.10. |
| Crawford, Kate. 2021c. “Data.” In The Atlas of AI, 89–121. Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ghv45t.6. |
| Crawford, Kate. 2021d. “Introduction.” In The Atlas of AI, 1–21. Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence. Yale University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1ghv45t.3. |
| Cugurullo, Federico. 2020. “Urban Artificial Intelligence: From Automation to Autonomy in the Smart City.” Frontiers in Sustainable Cities 2: 38. https://doi.org/10/gh7wxj. |
| Cugurullo, Federico, Ransford A Acheampong, Maxime Gueriau, and Ivana Dusparic. 2020. “The Transition to Autonomous Cars, the Redesign of Cities and the Future of Urban Sustainability.” Urban Geography, 1–27. |
| Damiani, Gianfranco, MC Nurchis, M Sapienza, and M Jevtic. 2021. “Artificial Intelligence and Urban Health: A Step Forward to the Achievement of SDGs.” European Journal of Public Health 31 (Supplement_3): ckab164-731. https://doi.org/10/gnbkqx. |
| Daniel, C., and C. Pettit. 2021. “Digital Disruption and Planning – Use of Data and Digital Technology by Professional Planners, and Perceptions of Change to Planning Work.” Australian Planner 57 (1): 50–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2021.1920995. |
| Das, Anutosh. 2021. “Urban Planning, Information Technology and Artificial Intelligence: The Theory of Evolution.” |
| Davis, J. R., and I. W. Grant. 1990. “ADAPT: A Knowledge-Based Decision Support System for Producing Zoning Schemes.” In Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright, 67–85. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3348-0_4. |
| Davis, JRea, PT Compagnoni, and PM Nanninga. 1987. “Roles for Knowledge-Based Systems in Environmental Planning.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 14 (3): 239–54. https://doi.org/10/cmp32c. |
| Davis, Richard L. 2019. “Memos and Mega Projects: Applying Planners’ Perceptions of Their Software to a Framework for the Future of Planning.” Master of Urban Planning, San Jose, CA, USA: San Jose State University. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.96pf-jkut. |
| Decker, John. 1992. “Computers as Tools for Analysis of Urban Spaces: Technological Support for Comprehensive Urban Design Theories.” Cities 9 (3): 170–76. https://doi.org/10/dpvhb9. |
| Dennemark, Martin, Sven Schneider, Reinhard Koenig, Abdulmalik Abdulmawla, and Dirk Donath. 2017. “Towards a Modular Design Strategy for Urban Masterplanning-Experiences from a Parametric Urban Design Studio on Emerging Cities in Ethiopia.” |
| Di Lecce, V, and A Amato. 2011. “Route Planning and User Interface for an Advanced Intelligent Transport System.” IET Intelligent Transport Systems 5 (3): 149–58. https://doi.org/10/b26hwm. |
| Dodge, Jonathan, Q. Vera Liao, Yunfeng Zhang, Rachel K. E. Bellamy, and Casey Dugan. 2019. “Explaining Models: An Empirical Study of How Explanations Impact Fairness Judgment.” In Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, 275–85. IUI ’19. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10/ggcpsp. |
| Doraiswamy, Harish, Juliana Freire, Marcos Lage, Fabio Miranda, and Claudio Silva. 2018. “Spatio-Temporal Urban Data Analysis: A Visual Analytics Perspective.” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 38 (5): 26–35. https://doi.org/10/gfw9nr. |
| Dresner, K., and P. Stone. 2008. “A Multiagent Approach to Autonomous Intersection Management.” Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 31: 591–656. https://doi.org/10/gfghfx. |
| Duarte, Fábio, and Carlo Ratti. 2020. “Data (Are) Matter: Data, Technology, and Urban Design.” In Data, Matter, Design, 60–69. Routledge. |
| Dudley, John J., and Per Ola Kristensson. 2018. “A Review of User Interface Design for Interactive Machine Learning.” ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 8 (2): 8:1-8:37. https://doi.org/10/ggd95k. |
| Dueker, Kenneth J. 1982. “Urban Planning Uses of Computing.” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 7 (1): 59–64. https://doi.org/10/c4d65j. |
| Duncan, Carter, Jack Cunningham, Andrew Wang, and Alexander Kennedy. 2021. “Urban Planning Optimization via ‘Cities: Skylines.’” |
| Dunne, Cody, Carl Skelton, Sara Diamond, Isabel Meirelles, and Mauro Martino. 2016. “Quantitative, Qualitative, and Historical Urban Data Visualization Tools for Professionals and Stakeholders.” In Distributed, Ambient and Pervasive Interactions, edited by Norbert Streitz and Panos Markopoulos, 405–16. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10/gpwbf2. |
| Dyckman, John W. 1963. “The Scientific World of the City Planners.” American Behavioral Scientist 6 (6): 40–44. https://doi.org/10/bmn7h3. |
| Eirinaki, Magdalini, Subhankar Dhar, Shishir Mathur, Adwait Kaley, Arpit Patel, Akshar Joshi, and Dhvani Shah. 2018. “A Building Permit System for Smart Cities: A Cloud-Based Framework.” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 70. https://doi.org/10/gdt442. |
| El-Gayar, Omar F, and Kanchana Tandekar. 2006. “An IDSS for Regional Aquaculture Planning.” In Intelligent Decision-Making Support Systems, 199–218. Springer. |
| Elizalde-Ramírez, Fernando, Romeo Sanchez Nigenda, Iris A Martínez-Salazar, and Yasmín Á Ríos-Solís. 2019. “Travel Plans in Public Transit Networks Using Artificial Intelligence Planning Models.” Applied Artificial Intelligence 33 (5): 440–61. https://doi.org/10/gnbkqq. |
| Engin, Zeynep, Justin van Dijk, Tian Lan, Paul A Longley, Philip Treleaven, Michael Batty, and Alan Penn. 2020. “Data-Driven Urban Management: Mapping the Landscape.” Journal of Urban Management 9 (2): 140–50. https://doi.org/10/ghwvrh. |
| Esposito, Floriana, Antonietta Lanza, Donato Malerba, and Giovanni Semeraro. 1997. “Machine Learning for Map Interpretation: An Intelligent Tool for Environmental Planning.” Applied Artificial Intelligence 11 (7–8): 673–96. https://doi.org/10/d5ws94. |
| Exner, Jan-Philipp, Oliver Nalbach, and Dirk Werth. 2020. “Monitoring Street Infrastructures with Artificial Intelligence.” In , 589–97. CORP–Competence Center of Urban and Regional Planning. |
| Ezzat, Mohammed. 2020. “A Framework for a Comprehensive Conceptualization of Urban Constructs-Spatialnet and Spatialfeaturesnet for Computer-Aided Creative Urban Design.” |
| Faghri, Ardeshir, and Jiuyi Hua. 1992. “Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network Applications in Transportation Engineering,” 10. |
| Falco, Gregory. 2019. “Participatory AI: Reducing AI Bias and Developing Socially Responsible Ai in Smart Cities.” In , 154–58. IEEE. |
| Feng, Shan, and Li D Xu. 1999. “Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Approach to Urban Planning.” Expert Systems 16 (4): 248–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0394.00117. |
| Feng, Tian, Quang-Trung Truong, Duc Thanh Nguyen, Jing Yu Koh, Lap-Fai Yu, Alexander Binder, and Sai-Kit Yeung. 2018. “Urban Zoning Using Higher-Order Markov Random Fields on Multi-View Imagery Data.” In Computer Vision – ECCV 2018, edited by Vittorio Ferrari, Martial Hebert, Cristian Sminchisescu, and Yair Weiss, 11212:627–44. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01237-3_38. |
| Ferrara, Enrico, Luigi Fragale, Giancarlo Fortino, Wei Song, Cristian Perra, Mario Di Mauro, and Antonio Liotta. 2019. “An AI Approach to Collecting and Analyzing Human Interactions with Urban Environments.” IEEE Access 7: 141476–86. https://doi.org/10/gnbkq8. |
| Ferreira, Nivan, Marcos Lage, Harish Doraiswamy, Huy Vo, Luc Wilson, Heidi Werner, Muchan Park, and Cláudio Silva. 2015. “Urbane: A 3D Framework to Support Data Driven Decision Making in Urban Development.” In 2015 IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST), 97–104. https://doi.org/10/gpwbf3. |
| Findikaki, Irene. 1990. “SISES: An Expert System for Site Selection.” In Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright, 125–32. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3348-0_7. |
| Foster, Shaun, and Jacob Brostoff. 2016. “Digital Doppelgängers: Converging Technologies and Techniques in 3D World Modeling, Video Game Design and Urban Design.” In Media Convergence Handbook-Vol. 2, 175–89. Springer. |
| García, Javier, José E Florez, Álvaro Torralba, Daniel Borrajo, Carlos Linares López, Ángel García-Olaya, and Juan Sáenz. 2013. “Combining Linear Programming and Automated Planning to Solve Intermodal Transportation Problems.” European Journal of Operational Research 227 (1): 216–26. https://doi.org/10/gj5pv4. |
| Geertman, Stan. 2006. “Potentials for Planning Support: A Planning-Conceptual Approach.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 33 (6): 863–80. https://doi.org/10.1068/b31129. |
| Geertman, Stan. 2017. “PSS: Beyond the Implementation Gap.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 104 (October): 70–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.10.016. |
| Geertman, Stan, Andrew Allan, Qingming Zhan, and Chris Pettit. 2019. “Computational Urban Planning and Management for Smart Cities: An Introduction.” In Computational Urban Planning and Management for Smart Cities, edited by Stan Geertman, Qingming Zhan, Andrew Allan, and Christopher Pettit, 1–14. Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19424-6_1. |
| Geertman, Stan, and John Stillwell. 2004. “Planning Support Systems: An Inventory of Current Practice.” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 28 (4): 291–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0198-9715(03)00024-3. |
| Geertman, Stan. 2020. “Planning Support Science: Developments and Challenges.” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 47 (8): 1326–42. https://doi.org/10/gg4q86. |
| Gennatas, Efstathios D., Jerome H. Friedman, Lyle H. Ungar, Romain Pirracchio, Eric Eaton, Lara G. Reichmann, Yannet Interian, et al. 2020. “Expert-Augmented Machine Learning.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117 (9): 4571–77. https://doi.org/10/ghbs9p. |
| Ghermandi, Andrea, Yaella Depietri, and Michael Sinclair. 2022. “In the AI of the Beholder: A Comparative Analysis of Computer Vision-Assisted Characterizations of Human-Nature Interactions in Urban Green Spaces.” Landscape and Urban Planning 217: 104261. https://doi.org/10/gnbkr3. |
| Gil, Jorge. 2020. “City Information Modelling: A Conceptual Framework for Research and Practice in Digital Urban Planning.” Built Environment 46 (4): 501–27. https://doi.org/10/ghqp88. |
| Glaeser, Edward, Karima Kourtit, and Peter Nijkamp. 2021. “New Urban Challenges: Shared Spaces in Smart Places – Overview and Positioning.” Land Use Policy 111: 105672. https://doi.org/10/gpwbf5. |
| Goldberg, Michael A. 1977. “Simulating Cities: Process, Product, and Prognosis.” Journal of the American Institute of Planners 43 (2): 148–57. https://doi.org/10/d4rqkc. |
| Goodspeed, Robert. 2015. “Smart Cities: Moving beyond Urban Cybernetics to Tackle Wicked Problems: Figure 1.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 8 (1): 79–92. https://doi.org/10.1093/cjres/rsu013. |
| Goodwin, Sarah, Sebastian Meier, Lyn Bartram, Alex Godwin, Till Nagel, and Marian Dörk. 2021. “Unravelling the Human Perspective and Considerations for Urban Data Visualization.” In 2021 IEEE 14th Pacific Visualization Symposium (PacificVis), 126–30. https://doi.org/10/gpwbfx. |
| Gora, Paweł. 2019. “Designing Urban Areas Using Traffic Simulations, Artificial Intelligence and Acquiring Feedback from Stakeholders.” Transportation Research Procedia 41. https://doi.org/10/gnm5ds. |
| Graells-Garrido, Eduardo, Vanessa Peña-Araya, and Loreto Bravo. 2020. “Adoption-Driven Data Science for Transportation Planning: Methodology, Case Study, and Lessons Learned.” Sustainability 12 (15): 6001. https://doi.org/10/gmzkp5. |
| Gün, Ahmet, Yüksel Demir, and Burak Pak. 2020. “Urban Design Empowerment through ICT-Based Platforms in Europe.” International Journal of Urban Sciences 24 (2): 189–215. https://doi.org/10/gnm5fk. |
| Hadjimichael, Antonia, Joaquim Comas, and Lluís Corominas. 2016. “Do Machine Learning Methods Used in Data Mining Enhance the Potential of Decision Support Systems? A Review for the Urban Water Sector.” AI Communications 29 (6): 747–56. https://doi.org/10/gddvxj. |
| Hagenauer, Julian, and Marco Helbich. 2017. “A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Classifiers for Modeling Travel Mode Choice.” Expert Systems with Applications 78: 273–82. https://doi.org/10/gdwsm9. |
| Haldorai, Anandakumar, Arulmurugan Ramu, and Suriya Murugan. 2019a. “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Future Urban Development.” In Computing and Communication Systems in Urban Development: A Detailed Perspective, edited by Anandakumar Haldorai, Arulmurugan Ramu, and Suriya Murugan, 91–113. Urban Computing. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26013-2_5. |
| Haldorai, Anandakumar. 2019b. “Machine Learning and Big Data for Smart Generation.” In Computing and Communication Systems in Urban Development: A Detailed Perspective, edited by Anandakumar Haldorai, Arulmurugan Ramu, and Suriya Murugan, 185–203. Urban Computing. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26013-2_9. |
| Haldorai, Anandakumar. 2019c. “Mobile and Pervasive Computing for Urban Development.” In Computing and Communication Systems in Urban Development, by Anandakumar Haldorai, Arulmurugan Ramu, and Suriya Murugan, 1–26. Urban Computing. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26013-2_1. |
| Han, Sang-Yun, and Tschangho John Kim. 1989. “Can Expert Systems Help with Planning?” Journal of the American Planning Association 55 (3): 296–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944368908975417. |
| Han, Sang-Yun. 1990a. “ESSAS: Expert System for Site Analysis and Selection.” In Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright, 145–58. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3348-0_9. |
| Han, Sang-Yun. 1990b. “Intelligent Urban Information Systems: Review and Prospects.” Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, 241–64. |
| Harris, Britton. 1967. “The City of the Future: The Problem of Optimal Design.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01944050. |
| Hashemi, Ray R, Louis A Le Blanc, Conway T Rucks, and Angela Shearry. 1995. “A Neural Network for Transportation Safety Modeling.” Expert Systems with Applications 9 (3): 247–56. https://doi.org/10/d92hcf. |
| Hawas, Mohamed A. 2017. “Are We Intentionally Limiting Urban Planning and Intelligence? A Causal Evaluative Review and Methodical Redirection for Intelligence Systems.” IEEE Access 5: 13253–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2725138. |
| Hayes, Barry, Dorota Kamrowska-Zaluska, Aleksandar Petrovski, and Cristina Jiménez-Pulido. 2021. “State of the Art in Open Platforms for Collaborative Urban Design and Sharing of Resources in Districts and Cities.” Sustainability 13 (9): 4875. https://doi.org/10/gmsgsz. |
| He, Jingyi, and Hao Zheng. 2021. “Prediction of Crime Rate in Urban Neighborhoods Based on Machine Learning.” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 106: 104460. https://doi.org/10/gnbkq6. |
| He, Tingting. 2020. “The Construction Method of Optimizing System of Urban Planning Decision Making System Based on a New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Technology.” In , 401–4. IEEE. |
| He, Wanyu, and Xiaodi Yang. 2019. “Artificial Intelligence Design, from Research to Practice.” In , 189–98. Springer. |
| Heer, Jeffrey, Michael Bostock, and Vadim Ogievetsky. 2010. “A Tour through the Visualization Zoo.” Communications of the ACM 53 (6): 59–67. https://doi.org/10/dn9tzf. |
| Heer, Jeffrey, and Ben Shneiderman. 2012. “Interactive Dynamics for Visual Analysis: A Taxonomy of Tools That Support the Fluent and Flexible Use of Visualizations.” Queue 10 (2): 30–55. https://doi.org/10/gk42sr. |
| Heidaripak, Samrend. 2021. “Prediction of Public Bus Transportation Planning Based on Passenger Count and Traffic Conditions.” |
| Heikkila, Eric J., and Edwin J. Blewett. 1992. “Using Expert Systems to Check Compliance with Municipal Building Codes.” Journal of the American Planning Association 58 (1): 72–80. https://doi.org/10/b5nbcz. |
| Heikkila, Eric J., James E. Moore, and Tschangho John Kim. 1990. “Future Directions for EGIS: Applications to Land Use and Transportation Planning.” In Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright, 225–40. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3348-0_14. |
| Hersperger, Anna M, and Christian Fertner. 2021. “Digital Plans and Plan Data in Planning Support Science.” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 48 (2): 212–15. https://doi.org/10/gh5s8g. |
| Hesam Hafezi, Mohammad, Naznin Sultana Daisy, Hugh Millward, and Lei Liu. 2021. “Framework for Development of the Scheduler for Activities, Locations, and Travel (SALT) Model.” Transportmetrica A: Transport Science 0 (0): 1–33. https://doi.org/10/gpwbf6. |
| Hohman, Fred, Minsuk Kahng, Robert Pienta, and Duen Horng Chau. 2019. “Visual Analytics in Deep Learning: An Interrogative Survey for the next Frontiers.” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 25 (8): 2674–93. https://doi.org/10/gg6r76. |
| Hollander, Justin B., Ruth Potts, Maxwell Hartt, and Minyu Situ. 2020. “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Community Planning.” International Journal of Community Well-Being 3 (4): 507–21. https://doi.org/10/gh7wxm. |
| Hsu, Che-Chiang, and Chia-Yon Chen. 2003. “Regional Load Forecasting in Taiwan––Applications of Artificial Neural Networks.” Energy Conversion and Management 44 (12): 1941–49. https://doi.org/10/czzbww. |
| Hu, Min, Gang Li, Xidong Liu, BingJian Wu, Yannian Wang, Zhongming Wu, and Qian Zhang. 2021. “Intelligent Engineering Construction Management: Long-Distance Construction Management.” In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, edited by Kangjuan Lyu, Min Hu, Juan Du, and Vijayan Sugumaran, 162–89. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5024-3.ch008. |
| Hu, Wu-Chih, Hsin-Te Wu, Hsin-Hung Cho, and Fan-Hsun Tseng. 2020. “Optimal Route Planning System for Logistics Vehicles Based on Artificial Intelligence.” Journal of Internet Technology 21 (3): 757–64. |
| Huang, Jueru, and Dmitry D Koroteev. 2021. “Artificial Intelligence for Planning of Energy and Waste Management.” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 47: 101426. https://doi.org/10/gnbkr2. |
| Huang, Liang. 2021. “Visual Interactive Urban Design in Commemorative Public Spaces.” |
| Huang, Tianhang, Anrong Dang, Haifan Cheng, Xia Peng, and Zhanqiang Zhu. 2010. “Digital Urban Planning Oriented Data Warehouse Constructing Supported by GIS: Taking Greater Beijing Regional Planning as a Case.” In , 1–5. IEEE. |
| Iliopoulou, Christina, and Konstantinos Kepaptsoglou. 2019. “Combining ITS and Optimization in Public Transportation Planning: State of the Art and Future Research Paths.” European Transport Research Review 11 (1): 27. https://doi.org/10/gmdn2x. |
| Ingaruca, Melissa. 2019. “Synergies of Radical Paradigms and Emerging Technologies in Knowledge Production for Transforming the Modernist Urban Design. A Focus on Artificial Intelligence, Extended Reality and Sensor Technology.” |
| Ismail, Ayman M. 2003. “The End of Urban Planners?” |
| Iyer, Lakshmi Shankar. 2021. “AI Enabled Applications towards Intelligent Transportation.” Transportation Engineering 5: 100083. https://doi.org/10/gmnnc3. |
| Jain, Kamal. 2011. “A Review Study on Urban Planning & Artificial Intelligence.” Artificial Intelligence 1 (5): 4. |
| Jain, Vanita, N. Luthra, and D. Saini. 2021. “Digital Twin Technology: An Evaluation.” In Digital Twin Technology. CRC Press. |
| Jannach, Dietmar, Michael Jugovac, and Lukas Lerche. 2016. “Supporting the Design of Machine Learning Workflows with a Recommendation System.” ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems 6 (1): 8:1-8:35. https://doi.org/10/gpwbfv. |
| Jha, Avinash Kumar, Awishkar Ghimire, Surendrabikram Thapa, Aryan Mani Jha, and Ritu Raj. 2021. “A Review of AI for Urban Planning: Towards Building Sustainable Smart Cities.” In , 937–44. IEEE. |
| Jiang, Huaxiong, Stan Geertman, and Patrick Witte. 2020. “Avoiding the Planning Support System Pitfalls? What Smart Governance Can Learn from the Planning Support System Implementation Gap.” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2399808320934824. https://doi.org/10/gg4q9w. |
| Jiang, MingZhuo. 2020. “Urban Planning Reform Trend Based on Artificial Intelligence.” In , 1533:032020. IOP Publishing. |
| Joyce, Kelly, Laurel Smith-Doerr, Sharla Alegria, Susan Bell, Taylor Cruz, Steve G Hoffman, Safiya Umoja Noble, and Benjamin Shestakofsky. 2021. “Toward a Sociology of Artificial Intelligence: A Call for Research on Inequalities and Structural Change.” Socius 7: 2378023121999581. https://doi.org/10/gkm5n8. |
| Jun, Deng, and Mo Yikui. 2009. “Intelligent Decision Support System for Road Network Planning.” In , 4:139–42. IEEE. |
| Kaatz-Dubberke, Toni, and Lennard Kehl. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence in Urban Development.” Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). |
| Kamrowska-Załuska, Dorota. 2021. “Impact of AI-Based Tools and Urban Big Data Analytics on the Design and Planning of Cities.” Land 10 (11): 1209. https://doi.org/10/gpwbf7. |
| Kanafani, Adib, Asad Khattak, and Joy Dahlgren. 1994. “A Planning Methodology for Intelligent Urban Transportation Systems.” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 2 (4): 197–215. https://doi.org/10/c8kkf8. |
| Kandel, Sean, Andreas Paepcke, Joseph M. Hellerstein, and Jeffrey Heer. 2012. “Enterprise Data Analysis and Visualization: An Interview Study.” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 18 (12): 2917–26. https://doi.org/10/gd7fz4. |
| Kandogan, Eser, Aruna Balakrishnan, Eben M. Haber, and Jeffrey S. Pierce. 2014. “From Data to Insight: Work Practices of Analysts in the Enterprise.” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 34 (5): 42–50. https://doi.org/10/gpwbf4. |
| Kang, Moo Hong, Hyung Rim Choi, Hyun Soo Kim, and Byung Joo Park. 2012. “Development of a Maritime Transportation Planning Support System for Car Carriers Based on Genetic Algorithm.” Applied Intelligence 36 (3): 585–604. https://doi.org/10/c96spc. |
| Kankanhalli, Atreyi, Yannis Charalabidis, and Sehl Mellouli. 2019. “IoT and AI for Smart Government: A Research Agenda.” Government Information Quarterly 36 (2): 304–9. https://doi.org/10/gpkkpp. |
| Karami, Zahra, and Rasha Kashef. 2020. “Smart Transportation Planning: Data, Models, and Algorithms.” Transportation Engineering 2: 100013. https://doi.org/10/gmdnxc. |
| Karvonen, Andrew, Matthew Cook, and Håvard Haarstad. 2020. “Urban Planning and the Smart City: Projects, Practices and Politics.” Urban Planning, In-press. |
| Kassens-Noor, Eva, and Arend Hintze. 2020. “Cities of the Future? The Potential Impact of Artificial Intelligence.” AI 1 (2): 192–97. https://doi.org/10/gjg2sj. |
| Kay, Matthew, Tara Kola, Jessica R. Hullman, and Sean A. Munson. 2016. “When (Ish) Is My Bus? User-Centered Visualizations of Uncertainty in Everyday, Mobile Predictive Systems.” In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 5092–5103. CHI ’16. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10/b2pj. |
| Ketzler, Bernd, Vasilis Naserentin, Fabio Latino, Christopher Zangelidis, Liane Thuvander, and Anders Logg. 2020. “Digital Twins for Cities: A State of the Art Review.” Built Environment 46 (4): 547–73. https://doi.org/10/ghqp9b. |
| Khediri, Abderrazak, Mohamed Ridda Laouar, and Sean B Eom. 2021. “Improving Intelligent Decision Making in Urban Planning: Using Machine Learning Algorithms.” International Journal of Business Analytics (IJBAN) 8 (3): 40–58. https://doi.org/10/gnbkqz. |
| Khelifa, Boudjemaa, Mohamed Ridda Laouar, and Sean Eom. 2018. “Towards an Intelligent Integrated System for Urban Planning Using GIS and Cloud Computing.” In , 26–37. Springer. |
| Kim, Inhan, Jungsik Choi, Evelyn Ai Lin Teo, and Hongwei Sun. 2020. “Development of K-BIM e-Submission Prototypical System for the OpenBIM-Based Building Permit Framework.” Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 26 (8): 744–56. https://doi.org/10/gmdgv8. |
| Kim, Kyung-Joong, and Sung-Bae Cho. 2006. “A Comprehensive Overview of the Applications of Artificial Life.” Artificial Life 12 (1): 153–82. https://doi.org/10/b4qpc4. |
| Kim, Moonja Park, and Kimberley Adams. 1990. “CGS-DSC: An Expert System for Construction Contract Claims.” In Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright, 181–95. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3348-0_12. |
| Kimm, Geoff. 2022. “Classes of AI Tools, Techniques, and Methods.” In Artificial Intelligence in Urban Planning and Design, edited by Imdat As, Prithwish Basu, and Pratap Talwar, 61–83. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823941-4.00012-3. |
| Kirwan, Christopher, and Fu Zhiyong. 2020. “Evolution of Cities/Technologies.” In Smart Cities and Artificial Intelligence, edited by Christopher Kirwan and Fu Zhiyong, 1–24. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817024-3.00001-5. |
| Klein, Bernhard, Reinhard Koenig, and Gerhard Schmitt. 2017. “Managing Urban Resilience.” Informatik-Spektrum 40 (1): 35–45. https://doi.org/10/gf2hrx. |
| Klosterman, Richard E. 1997. “Planning Support Systems: A New Perspective on Computer-Aided Planning.” Journal of Planning Education and Research 17 (1): 45–54. https://doi.org/10/fs6jgv. |
| Kocielnik, Rafal, Saleema Amershi, and Paul N. Bennett. 2019. “Will You Accept an Imperfect AI? Exploring Designs for Adjusting End-User Expectations of AI Systems.” In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–14. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300641. |
| Koehler, Hermann, Reinhard Koenig, Dominik Kalisch, and Jens Steinhoefel. 2009. “Computer-Based Methods for a Socially Sustainable Urban and Regional Planning.” Revista Internacional Sostenibilidad, Tecnología y Humanismo, no. 4: 115–24. |
| Koenig, Reinhard, Yufan Miao, Katja Knecht, Peter Buš, and Chang Mei-Chih. 2017. “Interactive Urban Synthesis.” In , 23–41. Springer. |
| Koenig, Reinhard, and Gerhard Schmitt. 2016. “Backcasting and a New Way of Command in Computational Design.” In . ETH-Zürich. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrd. |
| Komninos, Nicos. 2006. “The Architecture of Intelligent Clities: Integrating Human, Collective and Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Knowledge and Innovation.” In , 1:13–20. IET. |
| König, Reinhard, Gerhard Schmitt, Matthias Standfest, Artem Chirkin, and Bernhard Klein. 2017. “Cognitive Computing for Urban Planning.” In The Virtual and the Real in Planning and Urban Design, 93–111. Routledge. |
| Kontokosta, Constantine E. 2018. “Urban Informatics in the Science and Practice of Planning.” Journal of Planning Education and Research, 0739456X18793716. https://doi.org/10/gg2qhw. |
| Kourtit, Karima. 2021. “City Intelligence for Enhancing Urban Performance Value: A Conceptual Study on Data Decomposition in Smart Cities.” https://click.endnote.com/viewer?doi=10.1007%2Fs41685-021-00193-9&token=WzEwNjM0NzIsIjEwLjEwMDcvczQxNjg1LTAyMS0wMDE5My05Il0.TUHmNjHyKANKujRfQCsGLlXgy2M. |
| Kourtit, Karima, Peter Elmlund, and Peter Nijkamp. 2020. “The Urban Data Deluge: Challenges for Smart Urban Planning in the Third Data Revolution.” International Journal of Urban Sciences 24 (4): 445–61. https://doi.org/10/ghthjt. |
| Kouziokas, Georgios N. 2017. “The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Public Administration for Forecasting High Crime Risk Transportation Areas in Urban Environment.” Transportation Research Procedia 24: 467–73. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrm. |
| Król, Aleksander. 2016. “The Application of the Artificial Intelligence Methods for Planning of the Development of the Transportation Network.” Transportation Research Procedia, Transport Research Arena TRA2016, 14: 4532–41. https://doi.org/10/gmvhf5. |
| Langendorf, Richard. 1985. “Computers and Decision Making.” Journal of the American Planning Association 51 (4): 422–33. https://doi.org/10/fpm9bq. |
| Lapucci, Alessandra, Silvana Lombardo, Massimiliano Petri, and Marco Rotonda. 2009. “A Participative Multi Agent System for Urban Sustainable Mobility.” In Geocomputation and Urban Planning, edited by Beniamino Murgante, Giuseppe Borruso, and Alessandra Lapucci, 255–79. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89930-3_15. |
| Laurini, Robert. 2017. “Towards Smart Urban Planning through Knowledge Infrastructure.” Diamond, 75–80. |
| Law, Po-Ming, Alex Endert, and John Stasko. 2020a. “Characterizing Automated Data Insights.” In 2020 IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS), 171–75. https://doi.org/10/gk8brf. |
| Law, Po-Ming. 2020b. “What Are Data Insights to Professional Visualization Users?” In 2020 IEEE Visualization Conference (VIS), 181–85. https://doi.org/10/gk8brg. |
| Lazić, Marko, and Ana Perišić. 2015. “Theoretical Framework of Computer Cognition for Use in Urban Design Process.” South East European Journal of Architecture and Design 2015: 1–6. https://doi.org/10/gnm5dt. |
| Leach, Neil. 2018. “Design in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.” Landscape Architecture Frontiers 6 (2): 8–20. https://doi.org/10/gnm5dk. |
| Leao, Simone Z., Ryan van den Nouwelant, Vivien Shi, Hoon Han, Sarbeswar Praharaj, and Christopher J. Pettit. 2021. “A Rapid Analytics Tool to Map the Effect of Rezoning on Property Values.” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 86: 101572. https://doi.org/10/ghszf4. |
| Leary, M. E. 1988. “Knowledge and Reasoning in Development Control and Urban Design: An Expert Systems Approach.” https://click.endnote.com/viewer?doi=10.1068%2Fb150383&token=WzEwNjM0NzIsIjEwLjEwNjgvYjE1MDM4MyJd.ePU81DLCg49CHe8MPgVpcQnEVkQ. |
| Leary, Michael E. 1993. “Expertise and Expert Systems in British Land Use Planning.” In Expert Systems in Environmental Planning, edited by Jeff R. Wright, Lyna L. Wiggins, Ravinder K. Jain, and T. John Kim, 3–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77870-4_1. |
| Lee, Shwu-Ting, Ya-Han Hsieh, and Chih-Wen Wu. 2012. “The Application of Artificial Intelligence Methods in Sustainable Rural Planning.” |
| Lee, Yi-Chin, and Lyna L. Wiggins. 1990. “MEDIATOR: An Expert System to Facilitate Environmental Dispute Resolution.” In Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright, 197–221. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3348-0_13. |
| Li, Lefei, Han Zhang, Xiaofang Wang, Wei Lu, and Zongping Mu. 2010. “Urban Transit Coordination Using an Artificial Transportation System.” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 12 (2): 374–83. https://doi.org/10/dgb8tc. |
| Li, Xia, Yimin Chen, Xiaoping Liu, Xiaocong Xu, and Guangliang Chen. 2017. “Experiences and Issues of Using Cellular Automata for Assisting Urban and Regional Planning in China.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 31 (8): 1606–29. https://doi.org/10/gdrbsk. |
| Li, Xia, Chunhua Lao, Xiaoping Liu, and Yimin Chen. 2011. “Coupling Urban Cellular Automata with Ant Colony Optimization for Zoning Protected Natural Areas under a Changing Landscape.” International Journal of Geographical Information Science 25 (4): 575–93. https://doi.org/10/cmm8wv. |
| Liang, Yutian, Zhengke Zhou, and Xun Li. 2019. “Dynamic of Regional Planning and Sustainable Development in the Pearl River Delta, China.” Sustainability 11 (21): 6074. https://doi.org/10/gmc673. |
| Lian-huan, Zhu. 2021. “Research on Grid Planning Method of Distribution Network Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology.” In , 387:91. Springer Nature. |
| Liao, Q. Vera, Daniel Gruen, and Sarah Miller. 2020. “Questioning the AI: Informing Design Practices for Explainable Ai User Experiences.” In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–15. CHI ’20. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10/ghppvp. |
| Lim, Chiehyeon, Kwang-Jae Kim, and Paul P. Maglio. 2018. “Smart Cities with Big Data: Reference Models, Challenges, and Considerations.” Cities 82: 86–99. https://doi.org/10/gfgvj9. |
| Lin, Jinyao, and Xia Li. 2019. “Large-Scale Ecological Red Line Planning in Urban Agglomerations Using a Semi-Automatic Intelligent Zoning Method.” Sustainable Cities and Society 46: 101410. https://doi.org/10/gjd9bt. |
| Lin, Lee-Chuan, and Junzo Watada. 2010. “Building a Decision Support System for Urban Design Based on the Creative City Concept.” In Handbook on Decision Making, 317–46. Springer. |
| Lindgren, Ida. 2020. “Exploring the Use of Robotic Process Automation in Local Government,” 10. |
| Little, John C., Erich T. Hester, Sondoss Elsawah, George M. Filz, Adrian Sandu, Cayelan C. Carey, Takuya Iwanaga, and Anthony J. Jakeman. 2019. “A Tiered, System-of-Systems Modeling Framework for Resolving Complex Socio-Environmental Policy Issues.” Environmental Modelling & Software 112: 82–94. https://doi.org/10/ggr73q. |
| Liu, Shulin. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence to Assist Urban Planning.” |
| Liu, Yiqing, Yuehan Lin, Justin K. W. Yeoh, David K. H. Chua, Lawrence W. C. Wong, Marcelo H. Ang, W. L. Lee, and Michael Y. L. Chew. 2021. “Framework for Automated UAV-Based Inspection of External Building Façades.” In Automating Cities: Design, Construction, Operation and Future Impact, edited by Brydon T. Wang and C. M. Wang, 173–94. Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8670-5_7. |
| Loc, Ho Huu, Quang Hung Do, AA Cokro, and Kim N Irvine. 2020. “Deep Neural Network Analyses of Water Quality Time Series Associated with Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) Features.” Journal of Applied Water Engineering and Research 8 (4): 313–32. https://doi.org/10/gnm5dq. |
| Lock, Oliver, Michael Bain, and Christopher Pettit. 2021. “Towards the Collaborative Development of Machine Learning Techniques in Planning Support Systems – a Sydney Example.” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 48 (3): 484–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/2399808320939974. |
| Loke, Seng W., and Andry Rakotonirainy. 2021. “The Future of the Automated City: Social, Technical and Ethical Perspectives.” In The Automated City: Internet of Things and Ubiquitous Artificial Intelligence, edited by Seng W. Loke and Andry Rakotonirainy, 109–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82318-4_4. |
| Long, Ying, Yao Shen, and Xiaobin Jin. 2015. “Mapping Block-Level Urban Areas for All Chinese Cities.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers 106: 1–18. https://doi.org/10/gkr4nk. |
| Lucic, P., and D. Teodorovic. 2002. “Transportation Modeling: An Artificial Life Approach.” In 14th IEEE International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence, 2002. (ICTAI 2002). Proceedings., 216–23. Washington, DC, USA: IEEE Comput. Soc. https://doi.org/10/fkb7p3. |
| Luusua, Aale, and Johanna Ylipulli. 2020a. “Artificial Intelligence and Risk in Design.” In , 1235–44. |
| Luusua, Aale. 2020b. “Urban AI: Formulating an Agenda for the Interdisciplinary Research of Artificial Intelligence in Cities.” In , 373–76. |
| Luusua, Aale. 2021. “Nordic Cities Meet Artificial Intelligence: City Officials 2019; Views on Artificial Intelligence and Citizen Data in Finland.” In C&T ’21: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Communities & Technologies - Wicked Problems in the Age of Tech, 51–60. C&T ’21. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10/gkzmm6. |
| Lyu, Kangjuan, and Miao Hao. 2021. “Definition and History of Smart Cities:The Development of Cities and Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Smart Cities.” In AI-Based Services for Smart Cities and Urban Infrastructure, 1–22. IGI Global. https://www-igi-global-com.ezproxy.lib.vt.edu/gateway/book/244652. |
| Mackay, Jane M., and Joyce J. Elam. 1992. “A Comparative Study of How Experts and Novices Use a Decision Aid to Solve Problems in Complex Knowledge Domains.” Information Systems Research 3 (2): 150–72. https://doi.org/10/b92cp9. |
| Magdy, Hager, and Hazem Eldaly. 2020. “Applying Awarm Intelligence in Architectural Aesign.” In Architecture and Urbanism: A Smart Outlook, 77–87. Springer. |
| Magnanti, Thomas L, and Richard T Wong. 1984. “Network Design and Transportation Planning: Models and Algorithms.” Transportation Science 18 (1): 1–55. https://doi.org/10/d8s7hn. |
| Maity, Gurupada, Sankar Kumar Roy, and José Luis Verdegay. 2020. “Analyzing Multimodal Transportation Problem and Its Application to Artificial Intelligence.” Neural Computing and Applications 32 (7): 2243–56. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrk. |
| Markopoulou, Areti. 2020. “Smart Who? Collective Intelligence Urban Design Models.” Architectural Design 90 (3): 122–27. https://doi.org/10/gnm5dw. |
| Markusiewicz, Jacek. 2017. “Human-Driven and Machine-Driven Decisions in Urban Design and Architecture-A Comparison of Two Different Methods in Finding Solutions to a Complex Problem.” |
| Matthews, Keith B., Susan Craw, Stewart Elder, Alan R. Sibbald, and Iain MacKenzie. 2000. “Applying Genetic Algorithms to Multi-Objective Land Use Planning.” https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/247615/applying-genetic-algorithms-to-multi-objective-land-use-planning. |
| McMeel, Dermott. 2019. “Algorithms, AI and Architecture-Notes on an Extinction.” |
| Meeran, Ahmed, and Sam Conrad Joyce. 2020. “Machine Learning for Comparative Urban Planning at Scale: An Aviation Case Study.” |
| Meijer, Albert, and Marcel Thaens. 2018. “Urban Technological Innovation: Developing and Testing a Sociotechnical Framework for Studying Smart City Projects.” Urban Affairs Review 54 (2): 363–87. https://doi.org/10/gf2dnf. |
| Memon, Muhammad Ali, and Bernard Archimède. 2013. “A Multi-Agent Distributed Framework for Collaborative Transportation Planning.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46 (9): 1370–75. https://doi.org/10/gnbkqv. |
| Mes, Martijn, Matthieu van der Heijden, and Peter Schuur. 2013. “Interaction between Intelligent Agent Strategies for Real-Time Transportation Planning.” Central European Journal of Operations Research 21 (2): 337–58. https://doi.org/10/bcxkt8. |
| Messaoudi, Mouloud, Nawari O. Nawari, and Ravi Srinivasan. 2019. “Virtual Building Permitting Framework for the State of Florida: Data Collection and Analysis,” 328–35. https://doi.org/10/gmdgv7. |
| Miao, Yufan, Reinhard Koenig, and Katja Knecht. 2017. “City Afforestation: Abstracting the Urban Geometries into Tree Structures for Urban Fabric Optimization.” In , WedA51_35118. University of South Australia. |
| Miao, Yufan. 2020. “The Development of Optimization Methods in Generative Urban Design: A Review.” SimAUD2020. |
| Miao, Yufan, Reinhard Koenig, Katja Knecht, Kateryna Konieva, Peter Buš, and Mei-Chih Chang. 2018. “Computational Urban Design Prototyping: Interactive Planning Synthesis Methods—a Case Study in Cape Town.” International Journal of Architectural Computing 16 (3): 212–26. https://doi.org/10/ggtt2h. |
| Michaelsen, E, R Gabler, and N Scherer-Negenborn. 2015. “Towards Understanding Urban Patterns and Structures.” International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing & Spatial Information Sciences. https://doi.org/10/gcdc68. |
| Mikhaylov, Slava Jankin, Marc Esteve, and Averill Campion. 2018. “Artificial Intelligence for the Public Sector: Opportunities and Challenges of Cross-Sector Collaboration.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376 (2128): 20170357. https://doi.org/10/gnbkqs. |
| Milojevic-Dupont, Nikola, and Felix Creutzig. 2021. “Machine Learning for Geographically Differentiated Climate Change Mitigation in Urban Areas.” Sustainable Cities and Society 64: 102526. https://doi.org/10/gnbkq3. |
| Milton, Richard, and Flora Roumpani. 2019. “Accelerating Urban Modelling Algorithms with Artificial Intelligence.” In , 1:105–16. INSTICC. |
| Milusheva, Sveta, Mart, Robert, Bedoya, Guadalupe, Williams, Sarah, Resor, Elizabeth, and Legovini, Arianna. 2021. “Applying Machine Learning and Geolocation Techniques to Social Media Data (Twitter) to Develop a Resource for Urban Planning.” Machine Learning and Geolocation on Social Media Data for Urban Planning, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244317. |
| Min, Kyunghun, Moonyoung Yoon, and Katsunori Furuya. 2019. “A Comparison of a Smart City’s Trends in Urban Planning before and after 2016 through Keyword Network Analysis.” Sustainability 11 (11): 3155. https://doi.org/10/ggvkr6. |
| Moere, Andrew Vande, and Dan Hill. 2012. “Designing for the Situated and Public Visualization of Urban Data.” Journal of Urban Technology 19 (2): 25–46. https://doi.org/10/gf65fp. |
| Monteiro, Ana Carolina Borges, Reinaldo Padilha França, Rangel Arthur, and Yuzo Iano. 2022. “An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Technology Directed at Smart Sensors and Devices from a Modern Perspective.” In Smart Sensor Networks: Analytics, Sharing and Control, edited by Umang Singh, Ajith Abraham, Arturas Kaklauskas, and Tzung-Pei Hong, 3–26. Studies in Big Data. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77214-7_1. |
| Mrówczyńska, Maria, Małgorzata Sztubecka, Marta Skiba, Anna Bazan-Krzywoszańska, and Przemysław Bejga. 2019. “The Use of Artificial Intelligence as a Tool Supporting Sustainable Development Local Policy.” Sustainability 11 (15): 4199. https://doi.org/10/gmdgv2. |
| Muleta, Misgana K., and John W. Nicklow. 2005. “Decision Support for Watershed Management Using Evolutionary Algorithms.” Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 131 (1): 35–44. https://doi.org/10/c6hdtp. |
| Muntañola Thornberg, José, Magdalena Saura Carulla, Sara Molarinho, Josue Nathan, Yuraima Martin, and Fernando Espósito. 2020. “New Theories of Urban Forms and Their Impact upon Architectural Education, Urban Design and Social Behavior on Cities.” In , 1–9. DUOT, UPC. |
| Murat, Yetis Sazi, Turan Arslan, Ziya Cakici, and Cengiz Akçam. 2016. “Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Based Decision Support System for Urban Intersections in Transportation Planning.” In Using Decision Support Systems for Transportation Planning Efficiency, 203–22. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8648-9.ch008. |
| Murgante, Beniamino, Giuseppe Borruso, and Alessandra Lapucci. 2009. “Geocomputation and Urban Planning.” In Geocomputation and Urban Planning, 1–17. Springer. |
| Nagel, Kai, and Bryan Raney. 2003. “Transportation Planning II: Complex Systems Applications for Transportation Planning.” The Real and Virtual Worlds of Spatial Planning. |
| Naudé, W. n.d. “Artificial Intelligence: Neither Utopian nor Apocalyptic Impacts Soon | EndNote Click.” Accessed July 27, 2022. https://click.endnote.com/viewer?doi=10.1080%2F10438599.2020.1839173&token=WzM3NTA2NzIsIjEwLjEwODAvMTA0Mzg1OTkuMjAyMC4xODM5MTczIl0.9vSJHhUdPu0miCJLzXbj_ArLkCA. |
| Navinchandra, Dundee. 1993. “Observations on the Role of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Geographic Information Processing.” In Expert Systems in Environmental Planning, 85–118. Springer. |
| Nawari, Nawari O., and Shriraam Ravindran. 2019. “Blockchain and Building Information Modeling (BIM): Review and Applications in Post-Disaster Recovery.” Buildings 9 (6): 149. https://doi.org/10/ggjjd9. |
| Nematollahi, Mohammad Ali, Samaneh Shahbazi, and Nashid Nabian. 2019. “Application of AI in Urban Design.” In Computer Vision and Audition in Urban Analysis Using the Remorph Framework, 1–12. Springer. |
| Nguyen, Khoi A., Rodney A. Stewart, Hong Zhang, Oz Sahin, and Nilmini Siriwardene. 2018. “Re-Engineering Traditional Urban Water Management Practices with Smart Metering and Informatics.” Environmental Modelling & Software 101: 256–67. https://doi.org/10/gc2tfz. |
| Nguyen, Mai Thi, and Emma Boundy. 2017. “Big Data and Smart (Equitable) Cities.” In Seeing Cities Through Big Data: Research, Methods and Applications in Urban Informatics, edited by Piyushimita (Vonu) Thakuriah, Nebiyou Tilahun, and Moira Zellner, 517–42. Springer Geography. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40902-3_28. |
| Nice, Kerry A, Jason Thompson, Jasper S Wijnands, Gideon DPA Aschwanden, and Mark Stevenson. 2019. “The’Paris-End’of Town? Urban Typology through Machine Learning.” ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:1910.03220. |
| Nikitas, Alexandros, Kalliopi Michalakopoulou, Eric Tchouamou Njoya, and Dimitris Karampatzakis. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence, Transport and the Smart City: Definitions and Dimensions of a New Mobility Era.” Sustainability 12 (7): 2789. https://doi.org/10/gmdn6v. |
| Ning Wu, and Elisabete A. Silva. 2010. “Artificial Intelligence Solutions for Urban Land Dynamics: A Review.” Journal of Planning Literature 24 (3): 246–65. https://doi.org/10/cmjw7b. |
| Nisha, Bobby, and Bryony Olney. 2017. “Spatial Cognition with Virtual Reality.” Anthologies, Conscious Cities: Bridging Neuroscience, Architecture, and Technology, no. 2. |
| Nishant, Rohit, Mike Kennedy, and Jacqueline Corbett. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence for Sustainability: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Research Agenda.” International Journal of Information Management 53: 102104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102104. |
| Nosratabadi, Saeed, Amir Mosavi, Ramin Keivani, Sina Ardabili, and Farshid Aram. 2020. “State of the Art Survey of Deep Learning and Machine Learning Models for Smart Cities and Urban Sustainability.” ArXiv:2010.02670 [Econ, q-Fin] 101: 228–38. https://doi.org/10/gmdgvz. |
| Nouri, Hamid, Alireza Ildoromi, Mahdi Sepehri, and Mahdi Artimani. 2019. “Comparing Three Main Methods of Artificial Intelligence in Flood Estimation in Yalphan Catchment.” Geography and Environmental Planning 29 (4): 35–50. |
| Nowakowski, Piotr, Krzysztof Szwarc, and Urszula Boryczka. 2018. “Vehicle Route Planning in E-Waste Mobile Collection on Demand Supported by Artificial Intelligence Algorithms.” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 63: 1–22. https://doi.org/10/gd73n7. |
| Ocalir-Akunal, Ebru Vesile. 2016. “Decision Support Systems in Transport Planning.” Procedia Engineering 161: 1119–26. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrr. |
| Odolini, Chiara. 2019. “Resilient Urban Design. Belgrade and Florence: Reconnect the Waters to the City.” In Sustainable Building for a Cleaner Environment, 187–97. Springer. |
| Oladele, Adewole, Vera Vokolkova, and Jerome Egwurube. 2013. “Transportation Planning through Pavement Performance Prediction Modeling for Botswana Gravel Loss Condition.” In , 256:2976–82. Trans Tech Publ. |
| Openshaw, Stan. 1993. “Some Suggestions Concerning the Development of Artificial Intelligence Tools for Spatial Modelling and Analysis in GIS.” In Geographic Information Systems, Spatial Modelling and Policy Evaluation, edited by Manfred M. Fischer and Peter Nijkamp, 17–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77500-0_2. |
| Ortega-Fernández, Anabel, Rodrigo Martín-Rojas, and Víctor Jesús García-Morales. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence in the Urban Environment: Smart Cities as Models for Developing Innovation and Sustainability.” Sustainability 12 (19): 7860. https://doi.org/10/gmdgv4. |
| Ortolano, Leonard, and Catherine D. Perman. 1990. “Applications to Urban Planning: An Overview.” In Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright, 3–13. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3348-0_1. |
| O’Sullivan, David, and Mordechai Haklay. 2000. “Agent-Based Models and Individualism: Is the World Agent-Based?” Environment and Planning A 32 (8): 1409–25. https://doi.org/10/bzqc77. |
| Page, Jessica, Ulla Mörtberg, Georgia Destouni, Carla Ferreira, Helena Näsström, and Zahra Kalantari. 2020. “Open-Source Planning Support System for Sustainable Regional Planning: A Case Study of Stockholm County, Sweden.” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2399808320919769. https://doi.org/10/ggtgjc. |
| Paio, Alexandra, Joaquim Reis, Filipe Santos, Pedro Faria Lopes, Sara Eloy, and Vasco Rato. 2011. “Emerg. Cities4all: Towards a Shape Grammar Based Computational System Tool for Generating a Sustainable and Integrated Urban Design.” |
| Pastorello, Gilberto Zonta, Claudia Bauzer Medeiros, Silvania Maria de Resende, and Henrique Aparecido da Rocha. 2005. “Interoperability for GIS Document Management in Environmental Planning.” In Journal on Data Semantics III, 100–124. Springer. |
| Pazdur-Czarnowska, Anna. 2020. “The Future of Public Spaces–towards Interactive Use of Artificial Intelligence in Urban Interiors.” Przestrzeń i Forma. https://doi.org/10/gnbkq5. |
| Pazos Pérez, Rafael Iván. 2017. “Blurring the Boundaries between Real and Artificial in Architecture and Urban Design through the Use of Artificial Intelligence.” |
| Pelorosso, Raffaele. 2020. “Modeling and Urban Planning: A Systematic Review of Performance-Based Approaches.” Sustainable Cities and Society 52: 101867. https://doi.org/10/gg49zb. |
| Pelzer, Peter. 2017. “Usefulness of Planning Support Systems: A Conceptual Framework and an Empirical Illustration.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 104: 84–95. https://doi.org/10/gbz45z. |
| Peng, Lili, and Yingjuan Ye. 2021. “The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Architectural Design and Planning.” In , 792–97. Springer. |
| Peng, Xi, Pengkun Liu, and Yunfeng Jin. 2019. “The Age of Intelligence: Urban Design Thinking, Method Turning and Exploration.” In , 275–84. Springer. |
| Pettit, Christopher, Ashley Bakelmun, Scott N. Lieske, Stephen Glackin, Karlson ‘Charlie’ Hargroves, Giles Thomson, Heather Shearer, Hussein Dia, and Peter Newman. 2018. “Planning Support Systems for Smart Cities.” City, Culture and Society, Innovation and identity in next generation smart cities, 12: 13–24. https://doi.org/10/gc3kbx. |
| Photis, Yorgos N, and George Grekousis. 2012. “Locational Planning for Emergency Management and Response: An Artificial Intelligence Approach.” International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 7 (3): 372–84. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrv. |
| Pieters, Wolter. 2003. “A Pragmatic Phenomenological Approach in Environmental Planning.” |
| Pinfold, Nicholas, and Masilonyane Mokhele. 2020. “Bridging the Gap between Technical and Social Competencies of Urban and Regional Planning through Mobile Technology: The Case of Cape Peninsula University of Technology.” TD: The Journal for Transdisciplinary Research in Southern Africa 16 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10/gjns2j. |
| Pirbabaei, Mohammad Taghi, Minou Gharehbaglou, and Zahra Alinam. 2014. “Typology of Cognitive Research Methods in Urban Design Studies.” Journal of Ciencia e Tecnica Vitivinicola 20 (7): 8–23. |
| Podrasa, Daniel, Peter Zeile, and Markus Neppl. 2021. “Machine Learning for Land Use Scenarios and Urban Design.” In , 489–98. CORP–Competence Center of Urban and Regional Planning. |
| Polak, John. 2018. “Smart Cities and the New Urban Analytics: Opportunities and Challenges in Urban Transport.” In Smart Societies, Infrastructure, Technologies and Applications, edited by Rashid Mehmood, Budhendra Bhaduri, Iyad Katib, and Imrich Chlamtac, 95–97. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10/gpwbc3. |
| Polydorides, Nicos D, and Petros Petropoulos. 1989. “An Expert System for the Evaluation of Urban Plans.” Ekistics, 342–47. |
| Popov, Nikolay. 2010. “Generative Urban Design with Cellular Automata and Agent Based Modelling.” |
| Portugali, Juval. 2012. “Complexity Theories of Cities: Implications to Urban Planning.” In Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age: An Overview with Implications to Urban Planning and Design, edited by Juval Portugali, Han Meyer, Egbert Stolk, and Ekim Tan, 221–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24544-2_13. |
| Portugali, Juval, and Egbert Stolk. 2016. “Complexity, Cognition, Urban Planning and Design.” In . Springer. https://doi.org/10/ggtbp8. |
| Pourabdollah, Amir, Christian Wagner, Simon Miller, Michael Smith, and Ken Wallace. 2014. “Towards Data-Driven Environmental Planning and Policy Design-Leveraging Fuzzy Logic to Operationalize a Planning Framework.” In , 2230–37. IEEE. |
| Puusepp, Renee. 2011. “Generating Circulation Diagrams for Architecture and Urban Design Using Multi-Agent Systems.” |
| Qiu, Jin. 2021. “Spatial Analysis Method of Urban Design Based on Big Data.” CONVERTER 2021 (6): 109–15. |
| Quan, Steven Jige, James Park, Athanassios Economou, and Sugie Lee. 2019. “Artificial Intelligence-Aided Design: Smart Design for Sustainable City Development.” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46 (8): 1581–99. https://doi.org/10/ggrx7n. |
| Raimbault, Juste. 2020. “Cities as They Could Be: Artificial Life and Urban Systems.” ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2002.12926. |
| Rambachan, Ashesh, Jon Kleinberg, Jens Ludwig, and Sendhil Mullainathan. 2020. “An Economic Perspective on Algorithmic Fairness.” AEA Papers and Proceedings 110: 91–95. https://doi.org/10/ggwv28. |
| Rehr, Dr David K, and Dorin Munteanu. 2021. “The Promise of Robotic Process Automation for the Public Sector,” 25. |
| Reinoso-Bellido, F. J. Abarca-Alvarez and F. S. Campos-Sanchez and R. 2018. “Demographic and Dwelling Models by Artificial Intelligence: Urban Renewal Opportunities in Spanish Coast | EndNote Click.” https://click.endnote.com/viewer?doi=10.2495%2Fsdp-v13-n7-941-953&token=WzEwNjM0NzIsIjEwLjI0OTUvc2RwLXYxMy1uNy05NDEtOTUzIl0.ZQBRaV3LZPY6JKL8h--cNhKdxUc. |
| Richthofen, Aurel von. 2019. “Transferring Research Knowledge into Urban Design Education.” In Future Cities Laboratory: Indicia 02, 237–43. Lars Müller Publishers. |
| Rodrigues, Armanda, CEDRIC Grueau, JONATHAN Raper, and NUNO Neves. 1998. “Environmental Planning Using Spatial Agents.” Innovations in GIS 5: 108–18. |
| Rouhani, Shahrokh, and Roozbeh Kangari. 1990. “Landfill Site Selection.” In Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright, 159–69. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3348-0_10. |
| Saarloos, DJM, TA Arentze, AWJ Borgers, and HJP Timmermans. 2002. “Towards a Local Planning Support System, Introducing the MASQUE Framework.” |
| Sadek, Adel W, and Charles Mark. 2003. “Modular Artificial Neural Networks for Solving the Inverse Transportation Planning Problem.” Transportation Research Record 1836 (1): 37–44. https://doi.org/10/ffs988. |
| Safransky, Sara. 2020. “Geographies of Algorithmic Violence: Redlining the Smart City.” International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 44 (2): 200–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12833. |
| Sai, Wei, and Hongzhi Wang. 2021. “Optimal Design of Urban Transportation Planning Based on Big Data.” Environmental Technology & Innovation 23: 101545. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrq. |
| Sakai, Yasushi. 2017. “Bikebump: Collective Urban Design.” |
| Saleh, Hussain Aziz, and Georges Allaert. 2011. “Scientific Research Based Optimisation and Geo-Information Technologies for Integrating Environmental Planning in Disaster Management.” In Remote Sensing of the Changing Oceans, 359–90. Springer. |
| Salingaros, Nikos A. 1998. “Theory of the Urban Web.” Journal of Urban Design 3 (1): 53–71. https://doi.org/10/chwck4. |
| Salingaros, Nikos A. 2012. “Urbanism as Computation.” In Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age: An Overview with Implications to Urban Planning and Design, edited by Juval Portugali, Han Meyer, Egbert Stolk, and Ekim Tan, 245–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24544-2_14. |
| Sanchez, Thomas W., Hannah Shumway, Trey Gordner, and Theo Lim. 2022. “The Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in Urban Planning.” International Journal of Urban Sciences 0 (0): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2022.2102538. |
| Santé, Inés, Andrés M García, David Miranda, and Rafael Crecente. 2010. “Cellular Automata Models for the Simulation of Real-World Urban Processes: A Review and Analysis.” Landscape and Urban Planning 96 (2): 108–22. https://doi.org/10/fws3nv. |
| Sassite, Fouad, Malika Addou, and Fatimazahra Barramou. 2022. “Towards a Multi-Agents Model for Automatic Big Data Processing to Support Urban Planning.” In Geospatial Intelligence: Applications and Future Trends, edited by Fatimazahra Barramou, El Hassan El Brirchi, Khalifa Mansouri, and Youness Dehbi, 3–17. Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80458-9_1. |
| Schneider, Sven, Jan-Ruben Fischer, and Reinhard König. 2011. “Rethinking Automated Layout Design: Developing a Creative Evolutionary Design Method for the Layout Problems in Architecture and Urban Design.” In Design Computing and Cognition’10, 367–86. Springer. |
| See, Simon. 2018. “Artificial Intelligence Computing for a Smart City.” In Smart Societies, Infrastructure, Technologies and Applications, edited by Rashid Mehmood, Budhendra Bhaduri, Iyad Katib, and Imrich Chlamtac, 6–8. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10/gpwbc4. |
| Sehested, Karina. 2009. “Urban Planners as Network Managers and Metagovernors.” Planning Theory & Practice 10 (2): 245–63. https://doi.org/10/bdcjnx. |
| Selby, Kevin C. Desouza and J. David. 2019. “How Technological Progress Can Cause Urban Fragility.” Brookings (blog). 2019. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/techtank/2019/02/07/how-technological-progress-can-cause-urban-fragility/. |
| Šelmić, Milica, Dušan Teodorović, and Katarina Vukadinović. 2010. “Locating Inspection Facilities in Traffic Networks: An Artificial Intelligence Approach.” Transportation Planning and Technology 33 (6): 481–93. https://doi.org/10/dtzj7v. |
| Shahi, Kamellia, Brenda Y. McCabe, and Arash Shahi. 2019. “Framework for Automated Model-Based e-Permitting System for Municipal Jurisdictions.” Journal of Management in Engineering 35 (6): 04019025. https://doi.org/10/gh599x. |
| Shao, Jing, Lina Yang, Ling Peng, Tianhe Chi, and Xiaomeng Wang. 2015. “An Improved Artificial Bee Colony-Based Approach for Zoning Protected Ecological Areas.” PLOS ONE 10 (9): e0137880. https://doi.org/10/gmcq7p. |
| Sharma, Anshuman, and Zuduo Zheng. 2021. “Connected and Automated Vehicles: Opportunities and Challenges for Transportation Systems, Smart Cities, and Societies.” In Automating Cities: Design, Construction, Operation and Future Impact, edited by Brydon T. Wang and C. M. Wang, 273–96. Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8670-5_11. |
| Sharma, Gagan Deep, Anshita Yadav, and Ritika Chopra. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence and Effective Governance: A Review, Critique and Research Agenda.” Sustainable Futures 2: 100004. https://doi.org/10/gnnt45. |
| Shen, Jiaqi, Chuan Liu, Yue Ren, and Hao Zheng. 2020. “Machine Learning Assisted Urban Filling.” |
| Shen, Jingchun, Puneet Kumar Saini, and Xingxing Zhang. 2021. “Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence for Digital Twin to Accelerate Sustainability in Positive Energy Districts.” Data-Driven Analytics for Sustainable Buildings and Cities, 411–22. https://doi.org/10/gnbkq4. |
| Shen, Zhenjiang, Mitsuhiko Kawakami, and Ippei Kawamura. 2009. “Geosimulation Model Using Geographic Automata for Simulating Land-Use Patterns in Urban Partitions.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 36 (5): 802–23. https://doi.org/10/fbn2dz. |
| Sheng, Qiang, Z Chen, Kayvan Karimi, Anhua Lu, and S Min. 2018. “The Application of Space Syntaxmodelling in Data-Based Urban Design: An Example of Chaoyang Square Renewal in Jilin City.” Landscape Architecture Frontiers 6 (2): 102–13. https://doi.org/10/gnm5dm. |
| Sheu, Jia-Shing, and Han Chen-Yin. 2019. “Combining Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence Scene Recognition in Real-Time Environment Image Planning Walkable Area.” Advances in Technology Innovation 5 (1): 10. |
| Shneiderman, Ben. 2020. “Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence: Reliable, Safe & Trustworthy.” International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 36 (6): 495–504. https://doi.org/10/ghhx57. |
| Silva, Elisabete A. 2004. “The DNA of Our Regions: Artificial Intelligence in Regional Planning.” Futures 36 (10): 1077–94. https://doi.org/10/bdv8th. |
| Singh, Raj R. 2004. “Collaborative Urban Information Systems: A Web Services Approach,” 186. |
| Sivramkrishna, Sashi, and Ramakrushna Panigrahi. 2003. “Articulating Uneven Regional Development: Artificial Intelligence as a Tool in Development Planning.” Journal of Human Development 4 (3): 437–56. https://doi.org/10/fsm3pq. |
| Smith, Bryant Walker. 2020. “Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Transport.” Bryant Walker Smith, Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Transport, in The Oxford Handbook of Ethics of Artificial Intelligence (Markus Dubber, Frank Pasquale & Sunit Das, Eds. |
| Sohn, Keemin. 2021. “AI-Based Transportation Planning and Operation.” |
| Soomro, Kamran, Muhammad Nasir Mumtaz Bhutta, Zaheer Khan, and Muhammad A. Tahir. 2019. “Smart City Big Data Analytics: An Advanced Review.” WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery 9 (5): e1319. https://doi.org/10/ghcf6t. |
| Soto, Víctor, and Enrique Frías-Martínez. 2011. “Automated Land Use Identification Using Cell-Phone Records.” In Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Workshop on MobiArch - HotPlanet ’11, 17. Bethesda, Maryland, USA: ACM Press. https://doi.org/10/dtwb35. |
| Sousa, Vitor, José P. Matos, and Natércia Matias. 2014. “Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence Tool Performance and Uncertainty for Predicting Sewer Structural Condition.” Automation in Construction 44: 84–91. https://doi.org/10/f58zmj. |
| Soyinka, Oluwole, and Alain Chiaradia. 2021. “Visual Analytics of Urban Informality and Infrastructure Planning with Tableau for Sustainable Urban Design Research Strategies in Lagos Metropolis.” In , 596–607. Springer. |
| Sprenger, Ralf, and Lars Monch. 2008. “A Simulation Framework for Assessing the Performance of Cooperative Transportation Planning Algorithms.” In , 2769–76. IEEE. |
| Stathopoulos, Anthony, and Matthew G. Karlaftis. 2003. “A Multivariate State Space Approach for Urban Traffic Flow Modeling and Prediction.” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 11 (2): 121–35. https://doi.org/10/bshn9t. |
| Steenson, Molly Wright. 2018. “Why Architecture and Artificial Intelligence?” XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students 24 (3): 16–19. https://doi.org/10/gg9ncj. |
| Steger, Wilbur S. 1982. “An Assessment of Computerized Planning Models and Data Bases.” Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 7 (1): 65–81. https://doi.org/10/bkq3bf. |
| Stojanovski, Todor, Ivor Samuels, Jenni Partanen, and Christopher Peters. 2020. “Viewpoint: City Information Modelling (CIM) and Digitizing Urban Design Practices.” Built Environment 46. https://doi.org/10.2148/benv.46.4.637. |
| Suma, Sugimiyanto, Rashid Mehmood, and Aiiad Albeshri. 2018. “Automatic Event Detection in Smart Cities Using Big Data Analytics.” In Smart Societies, Infrastructure, Technologies and Applications, edited by Rashid Mehmood, Budhendra Bhaduri, Iyad Katib, and Imrich Chlamtac, 111–22. Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10/gpwbc2. |
| Suma, Sugimiyanto, Rashid Mehmood, Nasser Albugami, Iyad Katib, and Aiiad Albeshri. 2017. “Enabling next Generation Logistics and Planning for Smarter Societies.” Procedia Computer Science 109: 1122–27. https://doi.org/10/gnbkqr. |
| Sun, Ning. 2021. “Intelligent Transportation System Planning in the Age of Artificial Intelligence.” In , 253:01036. EDP Sciences. |
| Sun, Tuo. 2020. “Synthesizing 3D Morphology from a Collection of Urban Design Concepts.” |
| Suresh, Harini, and John V. Guttag. 2021. “A Framework for Understanding Sources of Harm throughout the Machine Learning Life Cycle.” Equity and Access in Algorithms, Mechanisms, and Optimization, 1–9. https://doi.org/10/gns2sx. |
| Taber, John T, Richard Balling, Michael R Brown, Kirsten Day, and Gregory A Meyer. 1999. “Optimizing Transportation Infrastructure Planning with a Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm Model.” Transportation Research Record 1685 (1): 51–56. https://doi.org/10/d5f3gk. |
| Talhelm, Daniel R, and Aarne H Frobom. 1997. “Community Options Model): Using Artificial Intelligence for Transportation Planning and Community Decision Making.” |
| Tanic, E. 1986. “Urban Planning and Artificial Intelligence : The URBYS System.” Computer, Environment and Urban Systems 10: 135–46. https://doi.org/10/bdvts4. |
| Teodorovic, Dusan. 2003. “Transport Modeling by Multi-Agent Systems: A Swarm Intelligence Approach.” Transportation Planning and Technology 26 (4): 289–312. https://doi.org/10/bq6jk3. |
| Teodorović, Dušan. 2008. “Swarm Intelligence Systems for Transportation Engineering: Principles and Applications.” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 16 (6): 651–67. https://doi.org/10/ddfwtk. |
| Tewdwr-Jones, Mark, and John Goddard. 2014. “A Future for Cities? Building New Methodologies and Systems for Urban Foresight.” The Town Planning Review 85 (6): 773–94. https://doi.org/10/ghtkdz. |
| Thakuriah, Piyushimita (Vonu), Nebiyou Y. Tilahun, and Moira Zellner. 2017. “Big Data and Urban Informatics: Innovations and Challenges to Urban Planning and Knowledge Discovery.” In Seeing Cities Through Big Data: Research, Methods and Applications in Urban Informatics, edited by Piyushimita (Vonu) Thakuriah, Nebiyou Tilahun, and Moira Zellner, 11–45. Springer Geography. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40902-3_2. |
| TIERNEY, THERESE, BEN FELDMAN, KATHERINE HANDY, TYRON MARSHALL, DINESH PERERA, and GERRY TIERNEY. 2012. “Intelligent Infrastructure: Mobile Networks as Tactical Transportation.” |
| Timilsina, S, SK Sharma, and J Aryal. 2019. “Mapping Urban Trees within Cadastral Parcels Using an Object-Based Convolutional Neural Network.” ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences 4: 111–17. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrb. |
| Tobin, Richard. 1989. “Knowledge-Based Systems in Development Planning and Control.” Ekistics, 331–35. |
| Tong, Xiaohua, and Yongjiu Feng. 2019. “How Current and Future Urban Patterns Respond to Urban Planning? An Integrated Cellular Automata Modeling Approach.” Cities 92: 247–60. https://doi.org/10/gjd877. |
| Tunçer, Bige. 2020. “Augmenting Reality:(Big‐) Data‐informed Urban Design and Planning.” Architectural Design 90 (3): 52–59. https://doi.org/10/ggtt6c. |
| Turkienicz, Benamy, Bárbara Bellaver Gonçalves, and Pablo Grazziotin. 2008. “CityZoom: A Visualization Tool for the Assessment of Planning Regulations.” International Journal of Architectural Computing 6 (1): 79–95. https://doi.org/10/dq8dq4. |
| Ülengin, Fusun, and Y. Ilker Topcu. 2000. “Knowledge-Based Decision Support Systems Techniques and Their Application in Transportation Planning Systems.” In Knowledge-Based Systems, edited by Cornelius T. Leondes, 1403–29. San Diego: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012443875-0/50042-2. |
| Ullah, Zaib, Fadi Al-Turjman, Leonardo Mostarda, and Roberto Gagliardi. 2020. “Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Smart Cities.” Computer Communications 154: 313–23. https://doi.org/10/ggwf8b. |
| Urban, Adam, David Hick, Joerg Rainer Noennig, and Dietrich Kammer. 2021. “With a Little Help from AI: Pros and Cons of Ai in Urban Planning and Participation.” International Journal of Urban Planning and Smart Cities (IJUPSC) 2 (2): 19–33. https://doi.org/10/gnbkqw. |
| Varian, Hal. 2019. “Artificial Intelligence, Economics, and Industrial Organization.” In 16. Artificial Intelligence, Economics, and Industrial Organization, 399–422. University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/9780226613475-018. |
| Verma, Deepank, Arnab Jana, and Krithi Ramamritham. 2019. “Artificial Intelligence and Human Senses for the Evaluation of Urban Surroundings.” In , 852–57. Springer. |
| Villa, Ferdinando, Marta Ceroni, Ken Bagstad, Gary Johnson, and Sergey Krivov. 2009. “ARIES (Artificial Intelligence for Ecosystem Services): A New Tool for Ecosystem Services Assessment, Planning, and Valuation.” In , 21–22. |
| Vinayagam, A, C Kavitha, and K Thangadurai. 2016. “Multi Model Air Pollution Estimation for Environmental Planning Using Data Mining.” International Journal of Science and Research 3: 332–35. |
| Vollmer, Sebastian, Bilal A. Mateen, Gergo Bohner, Franz J. Király, Rayid Ghani, Pall Jonsson, Sarah Cumbers, et al. 2020. “Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence Research for Patient Benefit: 20 Critical Questions on Transparency, Replicability, Ethics, and Effectiveness.” BMJ 368: l6927. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.l6927. |
| Wachowicz, Monica, Xu Ying, and Arend Ligtenberg. 2005. “Using Multi-Agent Systems for GKD Process Tracking and Steering: The Land Use Change Explorer.” In Exploring Geovisualization, 223–42. Elsevier. |
| Wang, Brydon T. 2021. “The Machine Metropolis: Introduction to the Automated City.” In Automating Cities: Design, Construction, Operation and Future Impact, edited by Brydon T. Wang and C. M. Wang, 1–21. Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8670-5_1. |
| Wang, Dakuo, Josh Andres, Justin D. Weisz, Erick Oduor, and Casey Dugan. 2021. “AutoDS: Towards Human-Centered Automation of Data Science.” In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–12. 79. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445526. |
| Wang, Dongjie, Yanjie Fu, Pengyang Wang, Bo Huang, and Chang-Tien Lu. 2020. “Reimagining City Configuration: Automated Urban Planning via Adversarial Learning.” In , 497–506. |
| Wang, Jianguo. 2021. “Development Trend of Urban Design in ‘Digital Age’: Pan-Dimensionality and Individual-Ubiquity.” Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 1–7. |
| Wang, Jianguo, Shi-Jie Cao, and Chuck Wah Yu. 2021. “Development Trend and Challenges of Sustainable Urban Design in the Digital Age.” https://doi.org/10/gnm5dv. |
| Wang, Jing, and Filip Biljecki. 2022. “Unsupervised Machine Learning in Urban Studies: A Systematic Review of Applications.” Cities 129 (October): 103925. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103925. |
| Wang, Senzhang, and Jiannong Cao. 2021. “AI and Deep Learning for Urban Computing.” In Urban Informatics, 815–44. Springer. |
| Wang, Shifu, Zhaohua Deng, Zheng Liu, Nannan Zhao, Xiaoyang Zhang, and Jie Liu. 2020. “The Achievements and Challenges of Planning Support Science in E-Planning in China.” Handbook of Planning Support Science. https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788971072/9781788971072.00022.xml. |
| Wang, Yaowu, and Zhichong Zou. 2010. “Spatial Decision Support System for Urban Planning: Case Study of Harbin City in China.” Journal of Urban Planning and Development 136 (2): 147–53. https://doi.org/10/bf95pw. |
| Wang, YY, and L Wang. 1996. “Applications of Artificial Intelligence in GIS to Urban Planning for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation.” In Post-Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, 85–95. Elsevier. |
| Warren, R. 1998. “The Future of the Future in Planning: Appropriating Cyberpunk Visions of the City.” Journal of Planning Education and Research. https://click.endnote.com/viewer?doi=10.1177%2F0739456x9801800105&token=WzEwNjM0NzIsIjEwLjExNzcvMDczOTQ1Nng5ODAxODAwMTA1Il0.u0uy1yjZX2313_u01OhxSUcFc_c. |
| Webb, A. 2019. “The Heuristics of Agency: On Computation, Big Data & Urban Design.” Int Rob Auto J 5 (3): 121–26. |
| Weise, Thomas, Alexander Podlich, Kai Reinhard, Christian Gorldt, and Kurt Geihs. 2009. “Evolutionary Freight Transportation Planning.” In , 768–77. Springer. |
| Wenskovitch, John, and Chris North. 2020. “Interactive Artificial Intelligence: Designing for the ‘Two Black Boxes’ Problem.” Computer 53 (8): 29–39. https://doi.org/10/gpwbfw. |
| White, Marcus, Swanston Street, and Melbourne City Campus. 2007. “The Plan Is an Inadequate Tool for Planning: Enhancing the Urban Design Process through the Use of 3D+ Digital Tools Directed towards Sustainability.” In . |
| White, Roger. 1989. The Artificial Intelligence of Urban Dynamics: Neural Network Modelling of Urban Structure. Research Paper, no. 170. Toronto, Ont.: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto. http://www.citiescentre.utoronto.ca/Assets/Cities+Centre+Digital+Assets/pdfs/publications/Research+Papers/170+White.pdf. |
| Wiggins, Lyna L., Sang-Yun Han, Catherine D. Perman, and Yi-Chin Lee. 1990. “Expert Systems Technology.” In Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright, 15–38. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3348-0_2. |
| Williamson, Ben. 2014. “Knowing Public Services: Cross-Sector Intermediaries and Algorithmic Governance in Public Sector Reform.” Public Policy and Administration 29 (4): 292–312. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952076714529139. |
| Witlox, Frank. 2005. “Expert Systems in Land-Use Planning: An Overview.” Expert Systems with Applications 29 (2): 437–45. https://doi.org/10/fmp745. |
| Wright, Jeff R. 1990. “ISIS: Toward an Integrated Spatial Information System.” In Expert Systems: Applications to Urban Planning, edited by Tschangho John Kim, Lyna L. Wiggins, and Jeff R. Wright, 43–66. New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3348-0_3. |
| Wright, Norman. 2019. “Applying Algorithms to Land-Use Decision Making.” Issue No. 3. Zoning Practice. American Planning Association. |
| Wu, Ning, and Elisabete A Silva. 2013. “Selecting Artificial Intelligence Urban Models Using Waves of Complexity.” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Urban Design and Planning 166 (1): 76–90. https://doi.org/10/gnbkq2. |
| Xiang, WN. 1993. “A GIS/MMP-Based Coordination Model and Its Application to Distributed Environmental Planning.” Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 20 (2): 195–220. https://doi.org/10/dzcm6g. |
| Xiang, Xiaojun, Qiong Li, Shahnawaz Khan, Ibrahim Osamah, and Osamah Khalaf. 2021. “Urban Water Resource Management for Sustainable Environment Planning Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques.” Environmental Impact Assessment Review 86: 106515. https://doi.org/10/gmdgv6. |
| Xirogiannis, George, Orestis Stylianidis, and Joseph Stefanou. 2006. “Intelligent Decision Support of Urban Design.” Journal of Architectural and Planning Research, 113–33. |
| Xu, Jianan, and Biao Li. 2019. “Application of Case-Based Methods and Information Technology in Urban Design-the Renewal Design of the Urban Region around Roma Railway Station.” |
| Yamu, Claudia, Alenka Poplin, Oswald Devisch, and Gert De Roo. 2017. The Virtual and the Real in Planning and Urban Design: Perspectives, Practices and Applications. Routledge. |
| Yang, Perry PJ, and Yoshiki Yamagata. 2020. “Urban Systems Design: Shaping Smart Cities by Integrating Urban Design and Systems Science.” In Urban Systems Design, 1–22. Elsevier. |
| Ye, Xinyue, Jiaxin Du, and Yu Ye. 2021. “MasterplanGAN: Facilitating the Smart Rendering of Urban Master Plans via Generative Adversarial Networks.” Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 23998083211023516. https://doi.org/10/gnm5dn. |
| Ye, Xinyue, Shaohua Wang, Zhipeng Lu, Yang Song, and Siyu Yu. 2021. “Towards an AI-Driven Framework for Multi-Scale Urban Flood Resilience Planning and Design.” Computational Urban Science 1 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrf. |
| Yeh, Anthony G. O., Yang Yue, Xingang Zhou, and Qi-Li Gao. 2020. “Big Data, Urban Analytics, and the Planning of Smart Cities.” Handbook of Planning Support Science, 179–98. |
| Yeh, Che-I, Stephen G Ritchie, and Jerry B Schneider. 1986. “Potential Applications of Knowledge-Based Expert Systems in Transportation Planning and Engineering.” Transportation Research Record, 7. |
| Yerlikaya, Sertaç, and Yaman Ömer Erzurumlu. 2021. “Artificial Intelligence in Public Sector: A Framework to Address Opportunities and Challenges.” In The Fourth Industrial Revolution: Implementation of Artificial Intelligence for Growing Business Success, edited by Allam Hamdan, Aboul Ella Hassanien, Anjum Razzaque, and Bahaaeddin Alareeni, 201–16. Studies in Computational Intelligence. Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62796-6_11. |
| Yigitcanlar, Tan, Duzgun Agdas, and Kenan Degirmenci. 2022. “Artificial Intelligence in Local Governments: Perceptions of City Managers on Prospects, Constraints and Choices.” AI & SOCIETY. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-022-01450-x. |
| Yigitcanlar, Tan, Luke Butler, Emily Windle, Kevin C Desouza, Rashid Mehmood, and Juan M Corchado. 2020. “Can Building ‘Artificially Intelligent Cities’ Safeguard Humanity from Natural Disasters, Pandemics, and Other Catastrophes? An Urban Scholar’s Perspective.” Sensors 20 (10): 2988. https://doi.org/10/gg7z9c. |
| Yigitcanlar, Tan, Juan M. Corchado, Rashid Mehmood, Rita Yi Man Li, Karen Mossberger, and Kevin Desouza. 2021. “Responsible Urban Innovation with Local Government Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Conceptual Framework and Research Agenda.” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7 (1): 71. https://doi.org/10/gjjbk3. |
| Yigitcanlar, Tan, and Federico Cugurullo. 2020. “The Sustainability of Artificial Intelligence: An Urbanistic Viewpoint from the Lens of Smart and Sustainable Cities.” Sustainability 12 (20): 8548. https://doi.org/10/gmdgv5. |
| Yigitcanlar, Tan, Kevin C Desouza, Luke Butler, and Farnoosh Roozkhosh. 2020. “Contributions and Risks of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Building Smarter Cities: Insights from a Systematic Review of the Literature.” Energies 13 (6): 1473. https://doi.org/10/ghbbrj. |
| Yigitcanlar, Tan, Nayomi Kankanamge, Massimo Regona, Andres Ruiz Maldonado, Bridget Rowan, Alex Ryu, Kevin C. Desouza, Juan M. Corchado, Rashid Mehmood, and Rita Yi Man Li. 2020. “Artificial Intelligence Technologies and Related Urban Planning and Development Concepts: How Are They Perceived and Utilized in Australia?” Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 6 (4): 187. https://doi.org/10/gms35k. |
| Yin, Xinzhe, Jinghua Li, Seifedine Nimer Kadry, and Ivan Sanz-Prieto. 2021. “Artificial Intelligence Assisted Intelligent Planning Framework for Environmental Restoration of Terrestrial Ecosystems.” Environmental Impact Assessment Review 86: 106493. https://doi.org/10/gnbkrx. |
| Yu, Dazhong. 1999. “Public Participation in Urban Design Based on Information Technology.” |
| Yu, Gang, Min Hu, Zhenyu Dai, Wei Ding, Ying Chang, Yi Wang, and Zhiqiang Li. 2021. “Smart City Service.” In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, edited by Kangjuan Lyu, Min Hu, Juan Du, and Vijayan Sugumaran, 228–56. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5024-3.ch011. |
| Yu, Kan Hua, Yue Zhang, Danni Li, Carlos Enrique Montenegro-Marin, and Priyan Malarvizhi Kumar. 2021. “Environmental Planning Based on Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover Using Artificial Intelligence.” Environmental Impact Assessment Review 86: 106492. https://doi.org/10/gkz3s8. |
| Zeng, Lin, Wenke Yu, Yanqing Cui, and Jinwei Liu. 2021. “Innovative Method of Urban Planning Based on Intelligent City.” In , 125–28. IEEE. |
| Zhang, Jianfeng, Xian-Sheng Hua, Jianqiang Huang, Xu Shen, Jingyuan Chen, Qin Zhou, Zhihang Fu, and Yiru Zhao. 2019. “City Brain: Practice of Large-Scale Artificial Intelligence in the Real World.” IET Smart Cities 1 (1): 28–37. https://doi.org/10/gh7wxk. |
| Zhang, Yan. 2017. “CityMatrix: An Urban Decision Support System Augmented by Artificial Intelligence.” |
| Zhao, Xilei, Xiang Yan, Alan Yu, and Pascal Van Hentenryck. 2020. “Prediction and Behavioral Analysis of Travel Mode Choice: A Comparison of Machine Learning and Logit Models.” Travel Behaviour and Society 20: 22–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2020.02.003. |
| Zheng, Hao, and Philip F Yuan. 2021. “A Generative Architectural and Urban Design Method through Artificial Neural Networks.” Building and Environment 205: 108178. https://doi.org/10/gnm5dx. |
| Zheng, Y., W. Wu, Y. Chen, H. Qu, and L. M. Ni. 2016. “Visual Analytics in Urban Computing: An Overview.” IEEE Transactions on Big Data 2 (3): 276–96. https://doi.org/10/gfw9m5. |
| Zheng, Yu, Licia Capra, Ouri Wolfson, and Hai Yang. 2014. “Urban Computing: Concepts, Methodologies, and Applications.” ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 5 (3): 38:1-38:55. https://doi.org/10/gdwtgd. |
| Zhiqiang, Wu. 2018. “Artificial Intelligence Assisted Urban Planning.” Time+ Architecture, 01. |
| Zhou, Jiafeng, Tian Liu, and Lin Zou. 2020. “Design of Machine Learning Model for Urban Planning and Management Improvement.” International Journal of Performability Engineering 16 (6): 958–67. https://doi.org/10/ghf44p. |
| Zhu, Li, Fei Richard Yu, Yige Wang, Bin Ning, and Tao Tang. 2018. “Big Data Analytics in Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Survey.” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 20 (1): 383–98. https://doi.org/10/gdf4mj. |
| Zimmermann, H-J. 2004. “Computational Intelligence and Environmental Planning.” Cybernetics and Systems: An International Journal 35 (5–6): 431–54. https://doi.org/10/czzfgj. |
The new citation data are now available for 2022. Citations are tracked for regular (tenure track) faculty in urban planning programs and departments in the U.S. and Canada. I am pleased to report that over 70% of the faculty being tracked (723 out of 1,020) now have Google Scholar Citation Profiles. See the ScholarMetrics page to look up individual faculty and/or planning program data.
Top 10 Faculty (Total Citations)
| Name | School | Citations | H-Index |
|---|---|---|---|
| Michael Storper | UCLA | 51,963 | 84 |
| AnnaLee Saxenian | UC Berkeley | 34,503 | 52 |
| Reid Ewing | University of Utah | 33,080 | 66 |
| Stewart Fotheringham | Arizona State University | 32,655 | 71 |
| Martha Feldman | UC Irvine | 28,679 | 46 |
| Carlo Ratti | MIT | 25,816 | 82 |
| Nik Theodore | University of Illinois, Chicago | 25,773 | 52 |
| Robert Bullard | Texas Southern University | 22,364 | 59 |
| John Forester | Cornell University | 20,149 | 42 |
| Jennifer Wolch | UC Berkeley | 20,004 | 64 |
Top 10 Urban Planning Programs (Median Citations)
| School | Faculty | Median | Mean |
|---|---|---|---|
| New York University | 6 | 2,972 | 3,364 |
| UCLA | 26 | 2,584 | 5,684 |
| UC Berkeley | 17 | 2,551 | 7,993 |
| USC | 15 | 2,538 | 4,222 |
| Harvard University | 8 | 2,368 | 3,189 |
| University of Minnesota | 10 | 2,312 | 3,105 |
| University of Toronto | 9 | 2,221 | 2,113 |
| UNC | 14 | 2,127 | 4,474 |
| Tufts University | 7 | 2,082 | 5,072 |
| The New School for Social Research | 6 | 2,010 | 1,991 |
Recently someone asked if there was a difference in faculty citation rates between planning programs in design/architecture colleges or schools and those in non-design related colleges or schools. Basically, the question is related to the different scholarly cultures between the design disciplines (architecture, landscape architecture, etc.) and other non-design disciplines (social science, policy, etc). I thought this was an interesting question and had not looked at it before. Using the data from 73 PAB accredited programs and my most recent citation data, the answer is “no”. Faculty in design colleges or schools average 1,758.5 citations while faculty in non-design colleges or schools average 2,029.7 citations, but there is no statistically significant difference in mean faculty citation counts at the program level (t = -0.663).
R code for the chart above:
ggboxplot(design, x = “Col_or_Sch”, y = “Mean”, fill = “Col_or_Sch”, ylab = “Mean Citations”, xlab = “School or College Type”) + theme(legend.position = “none”) + scale_y_continuous(labels = scales::comma) + scale_x_discrete(labels = c(“0” = “Non-Design”, “1” = “Design”)) + stat_summary(fun = mean, geom = “text”, col = “black”, vjust = 1.5, aes(label = paste(round(..y.., digits = 1)))) + stat_summary(fun =”mean”)
Data: design.csv
Using the updated data mentioned in my previous post, I recalculated the citation ranges for assistant, associate, and full professors. There were 268 assistant professors (mean of 364 and median of 174 citations), 353 associate professors (mean of 922 and median of 540 citations), and 406 full professors (mean of 3,526 and median of 1,753 citations). For all 1,027 planning faculty, the mean number of citations was 1,806 and the median was 607.
R code for the chart above:
boxplot(Cites2021~Position,data=Cites2021, main=”Citations by Rank”,
xlab=”Total Citations”, ylab=”Rank”, horizontal=TRUE, outline=FALSE,
cex.lab=1, cex.main=2, cex.axis=0.65, col=(c(“yellow”,”green”,”red”)))
Data: Cites2021.csv
The scholarly citation counts have been updated for 1,027 planning faculty at 116 universities. See the searchable database (and data) at: http://scholarmetrics.com
Top 10 schools based on median faculty citations:
| New York University |
| USC |
| UC Berkeley |
| UCLA |
| Harvard University |
| UNC |
| University of Toronto |
| University of Minnesota |
| Tufts University |
| The New School for Social Research |
| MIT |
Top 10 faculty for total citations:
| Name | School | Citations | H-Index |
| Michael Storper | UCLA | 50,317 | 83 |
| Lawrence Frank | University of British Columbia | 40,476 | 87 |
| AnnaLee Saxenian | UC Berkeley | 33,769 | 51 |
| Reid Ewing | University of Utah | 31,130 | 65 |
| Stewart Fotheringham | Arizona State University | 31,017 | 71 |
| Martha Feldman | UC Irvine | 27,400 | 46 |
| Nik Theodore | University of Illinois, Chicago | 24,503 | 51 |
| Carlo Ratti | MIT | 23,784 | 78 |
| Robert Bullard | Texas Southern University | 21,256 | 59 |
| Jennifer Wolch | UC Berkeley | 18,938 | 63 |
See the article at: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/10/7/742
Twitter has increasingly become a resource used by academics to share scholarship and opinions within professional networks. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of Twitter use by urban planning faculty, reporting characteristics of users, the topics posted, and indicators of Twitter influence among urban planning faculty as well as those interested in planning from outside academic circles. Approximately one-third of urban planning academics are active Twitter users, and as of yet, there have been no empirical analyses of how and why they use the social media platform. This analysis uses Twitter data from active accounts for urban planning faculty in the U.S. and Canada identified as being used for professional purposes for the period from March 2007 to April 2019. Considering how planning academics use Twitter lends insights on its usefulness for academic discussion and scholarly communications. The conclusion discusses the prospects for planning academics to better utilize Twitter to broaden and deepen their professional activities while noting particular concerns.
Keywords: planning,academic,Twitter,social media
Open access article available in the Journal of Altmetrics (click to see article).
